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<?php
/**
* This file contains the Command class.
*
* @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
* @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
* @copyright Copyright &copy; 2008-2012 Yii Software LLC
* @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
*/
namespace yii\db\dao;
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use yii\db\Exception;
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/**
* QueryBuilder builds a SQL statement based on the specification given as a [[Query]] object.
*
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* QueryBuilder is often used behind the scenes by [[Query]] to build a DBMS-dependent SQL statement
* from a [[Query]] object.
*
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* @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
* @since 2.0
*/
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class QueryBuilder extends \yii\base\Object
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{
/**
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* @var array the abstract column types mapped to physical column types.
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* This is mainly used to support creating/modifying tables using DB-independent data type specifications.
* Child classes should override this property to declare supported type mappings.
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*/
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public $typeMap = array();
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/**
* @var Connection the database connection.
*/
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public $connection;
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/**
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* @var Driver the database driver used for this query builder.
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*/
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public $driver;
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/**
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* @var string the separator between different fragments of a SQL statement.
* Defaults to an empty space. This is mainly used by [[build()]] when generating a SQL statement.
*/
public $separator = " ";
/**
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* @var Query the Query object that is currently processed by the query builder to generate a SQL statement.
* After the SQL statement is generated by [[build()]], this property will be set null.
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*/
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public $query;
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/**
* Constructor.
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* @param Connection $connection the database connection.
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*/
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public function __construct($connection)
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{
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$this->connection = $connection;
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$this->driver = $connection->getDriver();
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}
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/**
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* Generates a SQL statement from a [[Query]] object.
* Note that when generating SQL statements for INSERT and UPDATE queries,
* the query object's [[Query::params]] property may be appended with new parameters.
* @param Query $query the [[Query]] object from which the SQL statement will be generated
* @return string the generated SQL statement
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*/
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public function build($query)
{
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$this->query = $query;
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if ($query->operation !== null) {
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// non-SELECT query
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$method = array_shift($query->operation);
$sql = call_user_func_array(array($this, $method), $query->operation);
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} else {
// SELECT query
$clauses = array(
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$this->buildSelect(),
$this->buildFrom(),
$this->buildJoin(),
$this->buildWhere(),
$this->buildGroupBy(),
$this->buildHaving(),
$this->buildUnion(),
$this->buildOrderBy(),
$this->buildLimit(),
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);
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$sql = implode($this->separator, array_filter($clauses));
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}
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$this->query = null;
return $sql;
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}
/**
* Creates and executes an INSERT SQL statement.
* The method will properly escape the column names, and bind the values to be inserted.
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* For example,
*
* ~~~
* $params = array();
* $sql = $queryBuilder->insert('tbl_user', array(
* 'name' => 'Sam',
* 'age' => 30,
* ), $params);
* ~~~
*
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* @param string $table the table that new rows will be inserted into.
* @param array $columns the column data (name=>value) to be inserted into the table.
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* @param array $params the parameters to be bound to the query. This method will modify
* this parameter by appending new parameters to be bound to the query.
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* @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
*/
public function insert($table, $columns, &$params = array())
{
$names = array();
$placeholders = array();
$count = 0;
foreach ($columns as $name => $value) {
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$names[] = $this->driver->quoteColumnName($name);
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if ($value instanceof Expression) {
$placeholders[] = $value->expression;
foreach ($value->params as $n => $v) {
$params[$n] = $v;
}
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} else {
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$placeholders[] = ':p' . $count;
$params[':p' . $count] = $value;
$count++;
}
}
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if ($this->query instanceof Query) {
$this->query->addParams($params);
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}
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return 'INSERT INTO ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table)
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. ' (' . implode(', ', $names) . ') VALUES ('
. implode(', ', $placeholders) . ')';
}
/**
* Creates and executes an UPDATE SQL statement.
* The method will properly escape the column names and bind the values to be updated.
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* For example,
*
* ~~~
* $params = array();
* $sql = $queryBuilder->update('tbl_user', array(
* 'status' => 1,
* ), 'age > 30', $params);
* ~~~
*
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* @param string $table the table to be updated.
* @param array $columns the column data (name=>value) to be updated.
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* @param mixed $condition the condition that will be put in the WHERE part. Please
* refer to [[Query::where()]] on how to specify condition.
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* @param array $params the parameters to be bound to the query. This method will modify
* this parameter by appending new parameters to be bound to the query.
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* @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
*/
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public function update($table, $columns, $condition = '', &$params = array())
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{
$lines = array();
$count = 0;
foreach ($columns as $name => $value) {
if ($value instanceof Expression) {
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$lines[] = $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($name) . '=' . $value->expression;
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foreach ($value->params as $n => $v) {
$params[$n] = $v;
}
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} else {
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$lines[] = $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($name) . '=:p' . $count;
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$params[':p' . $count] = $value;
$count++;
}
}
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if ($this->query instanceof Query) {
$this->query->addParams($params);
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}
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$sql = 'UPDATE ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table) . ' SET ' . implode(', ', $lines);
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if (($where = $this->buildCondition($condition)) != '') {
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$sql .= ' WHERE ' . $where;
}
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return $sql;
}
/**
* Creates and executes a DELETE SQL statement.
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* For example,
*
* ~~~
* $sql = $queryBuilder->delete('tbl_user', 'status = 0');
* ~~~
*
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* @param string $table the table where the data will be deleted from.
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* @param mixed $condition the condition that will be put in the WHERE part. Please
* refer to [[Query::where()]] on how to specify condition.
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* @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
*/
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public function delete($table, $condition = '')
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{
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$sql = 'DELETE FROM ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table);
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if (($where = $this->buildCondition($condition)) != '') {
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$sql .= ' WHERE ' . $where;
}
return $sql;
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}
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/**
* Builds a SQL statement for creating a new DB table.
*
* The columns in the new table should be specified as name-definition pairs (e.g. 'name'=>'string'),
* where name stands for a column name which will be properly quoted by the method, and definition
* stands for the column type which can contain an abstract DB type.
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* The [[getColumnType()]] method will be invoked to convert any abstract type into a physical one.
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*
* If a column is specified with definition only (e.g. 'PRIMARY KEY (name, type)'), it will be directly
* inserted into the generated SQL.
*
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* For example,
*
* ~~~
* $sql = $queryBuilder->createTable('tbl_user', array(
* 'id' => 'pk',
* 'name' => 'string',
* 'age' => 'integer',
* ));
* ~~~
*
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* @param string $table the name of the table to be created. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @param array $columns the columns (name=>definition) in the new table.
* @param string $options additional SQL fragment that will be appended to the generated SQL.
* @return string the SQL statement for creating a new DB table.
*/
public function createTable($table, $columns, $options = null)
{
$cols = array();
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foreach ($columns as $name => $type) {
if (is_string($name)) {
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$cols[] = "\t" . $this->driver->quoteColumnName($name) . ' ' . $this->getColumnType($type);
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} else
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{
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$cols[] = "\t" . $type;
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}
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}
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$sql = "CREATE TABLE " . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table) . " (\n" . implode(",\n", $cols) . "\n)";
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return $options === null ? $sql : $sql . ' ' . $options;
}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for renaming a DB table.
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* @param string $oldName the table to be renamed. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
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* @param string $newName the new table name. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @return string the SQL statement for renaming a DB table.
*/
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public function renameTable($oldName, $newName)
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{
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return 'RENAME TABLE ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($oldName) . ' TO ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($newName);
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}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for dropping a DB table.
* @param string $table the table to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @return string the SQL statement for dropping a DB table.
*/
public function dropTable($table)
{
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return "DROP TABLE " . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table);
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}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for truncating a DB table.
* @param string $table the table to be truncated. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @return string the SQL statement for truncating a DB table.
*/
public function truncateTable($table)
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{
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return "TRUNCATE TABLE " . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table);
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}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for adding a new DB column.
* @param string $table the table that the new column will be added to. The table name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @param string $column the name of the new column. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
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* @param string $type the column type. The [[getColumnType()]] method will be invoked to convert abstract column type (if any)
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* into the physical one. Anything that is not recognized as abstract type will be kept in the generated SQL.
* For example, 'string' will be turned into 'varchar(255)', while 'string not null' will become 'varchar(255) not null'.
* @return string the SQL statement for adding a new column.
*/
public function addColumn($table, $column, $type)
{
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return 'ALTER TABLE ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table)
. ' ADD ' . $this->driver->quoteColumnName($column) . ' '
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. $this->getColumnType($type);
}
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/**
* Builds a SQL statement for dropping a DB column.
* @param string $table the table whose column is to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @param string $column the name of the column to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @return string the SQL statement for dropping a DB column.
*/
public function dropColumn($table, $column)
{
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return "ALTER TABLE " . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table)
. " DROP COLUMN " . $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($column);
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}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for renaming a column.
* @param string $table the table whose column is to be renamed. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
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* @param string $oldName the old name of the column. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
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* @param string $newName the new name of the column. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @return string the SQL statement for renaming a DB column.
*/
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public function renameColumn($table, $oldName, $newName)
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{
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return "ALTER TABLE " . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table)
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. " RENAME COLUMN " . $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($oldName)
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. " TO " . $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($newName);
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}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for changing the definition of a column.
* @param string $table the table whose column is to be changed. The table name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @param string $column the name of the column to be changed. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
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* @param string $type the new column type. The [[getColumnType()]] method will be invoked to convert abstract
* column type (if any) into the physical one. Anything that is not recognized as abstract type will be kept
* in the generated SQL. For example, 'string' will be turned into 'varchar(255)', while 'string not null'
* will become 'varchar(255) not null'.
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* @return string the SQL statement for changing the definition of a column.
*/
public function alterColumn($table, $column, $type)
{
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return 'ALTER TABLE ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table) . ' CHANGE '
. $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($column) . ' '
. $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($column) . ' '
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. $this->getColumnType($type);
}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for adding a foreign key constraint to an existing table.
* The method will properly quote the table and column names.
* @param string $name the name of the foreign key constraint.
* @param string $table the table that the foreign key constraint will be added to.
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* @param string|array $columns the name of the column to that the constraint will be added on.
* If there are multiple columns, separate them with commas or use an array to represent them.
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* @param string $refTable the table that the foreign key references to.
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* @param string|array $refColumns the name of the column that the foreign key references to.
* If there are multiple columns, separate them with commas or use an array to represent them.
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* @param string $delete the ON DELETE option. Most DBMS support these options: RESTRICT, CASCADE, NO ACTION, SET DEFAULT, SET NULL
* @param string $update the ON UPDATE option. Most DBMS support these options: RESTRICT, CASCADE, NO ACTION, SET DEFAULT, SET NULL
* @return string the SQL statement for adding a foreign key constraint to an existing table.
*/
public function addForeignKey($name, $table, $columns, $refTable, $refColumns, $delete = null, $update = null)
{
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if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $columns, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
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foreach ($columns as $i => $col) {
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$columns[$i] = $this->driver->quoteColumnName($col);
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}
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if (!is_array($refColumns)) {
$refColumns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $refColumns, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
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foreach ($refColumns as $i => $col) {
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$refColumns[$i] = $this->driver->quoteColumnName($col);
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}
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$sql = 'ALTER TABLE ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table)
. ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' . $this->driver->quoteColumnName($name)
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. ' FOREIGN KEY (' . implode(', ', $columns) . ')'
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. ' REFERENCES ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($refTable)
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. ' (' . implode(', ', $refColumns) . ')';
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if ($delete !== null) {
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$sql .= ' ON DELETE ' . $delete;
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}
if ($update !== null) {
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$sql .= ' ON UPDATE ' . $update;
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}
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return $sql;
}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for dropping a foreign key constraint.
* @param string $name the name of the foreign key constraint to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @param string $table the table whose foreign is to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @return string the SQL statement for dropping a foreign key constraint.
*/
public function dropForeignKey($name, $table)
{
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return 'ALTER TABLE ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table)
. ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' . $this->driver->quoteColumnName($name);
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}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for creating a new index.
* @param string $name the name of the index. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @param string $table the table that the new index will be created for. The table name will be properly quoted by the method.
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* @param string|array $columns the column(s) that should be included in the index. If there are multiple columns,
* separate them with commas or use an array to represent them. Each column name will be properly quoted
* by the method, unless a parenthesis is found in the name.
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* @param boolean $unique whether to add UNIQUE constraint on the created index.
* @return string the SQL statement for creating a new index.
*/
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public function createIndex($name, $table, $columns, $unique = false)
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{
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if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $columns, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
foreach ($columns as $i => $column) {
if (strpos($column, '(') !== false) {
$columns[$i] = $column;
} else {
$columns[$i] = $this->driver->quoteColumnName($column);
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}
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}
return ($unique ? 'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ' : 'CREATE INDEX ')
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. $this->driver->quoteTableName($name) . ' ON '
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. $this->driver->quoteTableName($table) . ' (' . implode(', ', $columns) . ')';
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}
/**
* Builds a SQL statement for dropping an index.
* @param string $name the name of the index to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @param string $table the table whose index is to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
* @return string the SQL statement for dropping an index.
*/
public function dropIndex($name, $table)
{
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return 'DROP INDEX ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($name) . ' ON ' . $this->driver->quoteTableName($table);
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}
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/**
* Resets the sequence value of a table's primary key.
* The sequence will be reset such that the primary key of the next new row inserted
* will have the specified value or 1.
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* @param string $table the table schema whose primary key sequence will be reset
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* @param mixed $value the value for the primary key of the next new row inserted. If this is not set,
* the next new row's primary key will have a value 1.
*/
public function resetSequence($table, $value = null)
{
}
/**
* Enables or disables integrity check.
* @param boolean $check whether to turn on or off the integrity check.
* @param string $schema the schema of the tables. Defaults to empty string, meaning the current or default schema.
*/
public function checkIntegrity($check = true, $schema = '')
{
}
/**
* Converts an abstract column type into a physical column type.
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* The conversion is done using the type map specified in [[typeMap]].
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* The following abstract column types are supported (using MySQL as an example to explain the corresponding
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* physical types):
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*
* - `pk`: an auto-incremental primary key type, will be converted into "int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY"
* - `string`: string type, will be converted into "varchar(255)"
* - `text`: a long string type, will be converted into "text"
* - `smallint`: a small integer type, will be converted into "smallint(6)"
* - `integer`: integer type, will be converted into "int(11)"
* - `bigint`: a big integer type, will be converted into "bigint(20)"
* - `boolean`: boolean type, will be converted into "tinyint(1)"
* - `float``: float number type, will be converted into "float"
* - `decimal`: decimal number type, will be converted into "decimal"
* - `datetime`: datetime type, will be converted into "datetime"
* - `timestamp`: timestamp type, will be converted into "timestamp"
* - `time`: time type, will be converted into "time"
* - `date`: date type, will be converted into "date"
* - `money`: money type, will be converted into "decimal(19,4)"
* - `binary`: binary data type, will be converted into "blob"
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*
* If the abstract type contains two or more parts separated by spaces (e.g. "string NOT NULL"), then only
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* the first part will be converted, and the rest of the parts will be appended to the converted result.
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* For example, 'string NOT NULL' is converted to 'varchar(255) NOT NULL'.
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*
* If a type cannot be found in [[typeMap]], it will be returned without any change.
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* @param string $type abstract column type
* @return string physical column type.
*/
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public function getColumnType($type)
{
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if (isset($this->typeMap[$type])) {
return $this->typeMap[$type];
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} elseif (preg_match('/^(\w+)\s+/', $type, $matches)) {
if (isset($this->typeMap[$matches[0]])) {
return preg_replace('/^\w+/', $this->typeMap[$matches[0]], $type);
}
}
return $type;
}
/**
* Generates a SQL condition from the given PHP representation.
* @param string|array $condition the PHP representation of the SQL condition
* @return string the generated SQL condition.
*/
public function buildCondition($condition)
{
if (!is_array($condition)) {
return $condition;
} elseif ($condition === array()) {
return '';
}
$n = count($condition);
$operator = strtoupper($condition[0]);
if ($operator === 'OR' || $operator === 'AND') {
$parts = array();
for ($i = 1; $i < $n; ++$i) {
$part = $this->buildCondition($condition[$i]);
if ($part !== '') {
$parts[] = '(' . $part . ')';
}
}
return $parts === array() ? '' : implode(' ' . $operator . ' ', $parts);
}
if (!isset($condition[1], $condition[2])) {
throw new Exception("Operator $operator requires at least two operands.");
}
$column = $condition[1];
if (strpos($column, '(') === false) {
$column = $this->connection->quoteColumnName($column);
}
if ($operator === 'BETWEEN' || $operator === 'NOT BETWEEN') {
if (!isset($condition[3])) {
throw new Exception("Operator $operator requires three operands.");
}
$value1 = is_string($condition[2]) ? $this->connection->quoteValue($condition[2]) : (string)$condition[2];
$value2 = is_string($condition[3]) ? $this->connection->quoteValue($condition[3]) : (string)$condition[3];
return "$column $operator $value1 AND $value2";
}
$values = $condition[2];
if (!is_array($values)) {
$values = array($values);
}
if ($operator === 'IN' || $operator === 'NOT IN') {
if ($values === array()) {
return $operator === 'IN' ? '0=1' : '';
}
foreach ($values as $i => $value) {
if (is_string($value)) {
$values[$i] = $this->connection->quoteValue($value);
} else {
$values[$i] = (string)$value;
}
}
return $column . ' ' . $operator . ' (' . implode(', ', $values) . ')';
}
if ($operator === 'LIKE' || $operator === 'NOT LIKE' || $operator === 'OR LIKE' || $operator === 'OR NOT LIKE') {
if ($values === array()) {
return $operator === 'LIKE' || $operator === 'OR LIKE' ? '0=1' : '';
}
if ($operator === 'LIKE' || $operator === 'NOT LIKE') {
$andor = ' AND ';
} else {
$andor = ' OR ';
$operator = $operator === 'OR LIKE' ? 'LIKE' : 'NOT LIKE';
}
$expressions = array();
foreach ($values as $value) {
$expressions[] = $column . ' ' . $operator . ' ' . $this->connection->quoteValue($value);
}
return implode($andor, $expressions);
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}
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throw new Exception('Unknown operator: ' . $operator);
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}
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/**
* @return string the SELECT clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildSelect()
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{
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$select = $this->query->distinct ? 'SELECT DISTINCT' : 'SELECT';
if ($this->query->selectOption != '') {
$select .= ' ' . $this->query->selectOption;
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}
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$columns = $this->query->select;
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if (empty($columns)) {
return $select . ' *';
}
if (is_string($columns)) {
if (strpos($columns, '(') !== false) {
return $select . ' ' . $columns;
}
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
foreach ($columns as $i => $column) {
if (is_object($column)) {
$columns[$i] = (string)$column;
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} elseif (strpos($column, '(') === false) {
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if (preg_match('/^(.*?)(?i:\s+as\s+|\s+)([\w\-\.])$/', $column, $matches)) {
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$columns[$i] = $this->connection->quoteColumnName($matches[1]) . ' AS ' . $this->driver->quoteSimpleColumnName($matches[2]);
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} else {
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$columns[$i] = $this->connection->quoteColumnName($column);
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}
}
}
return $select . ' ' . implode(', ', $columns);
}
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/**
* @return string the FROM clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildFrom()
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{
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if (empty($this->query->from)) {
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return '';
}
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$tables = $this->query->from;
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if (is_string($tables) && strpos($tables, '(') !== false) {
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return 'FROM ' . $tables;
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}
if (!is_array($tables)) {
$tables = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($tables), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
foreach ($tables as $i => $table) {
if (strpos($table, '(') === false) {
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if (preg_match('/^(.*?)(?i:\s+as\s+|\s+)(.*)$/i', $table, $matches)) { // with alias
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$tables[$i] = $this->connection->quoteTableName($matches[1]) . ' ' . $this->connection->quoteTableName($matches[2]);
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} else {
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$tables[$i] = $this->connection->quoteTableName($table);
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}
}
}
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return 'FROM ' . implode(', ', $tables);
}
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/**
* @return string the JOIN clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildJoin()
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{
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$joins = $this->query->join;
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if (empty($joins)) {
return '';
}
if (is_string($joins)) {
return $joins;
}
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foreach ($joins as $i => $join) {
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if (is_array($join)) { // join type, table name, on-condition
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if (isset($join[0], $join[1])) {
$table = $join[1];
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if (strpos($table, '(') === false) {
if (preg_match('/^(.*?)(?i:\s+as\s+|\s+)(.*)$/', $table, $matches)) { // with alias
$table = $this->connection->quoteTableName($matches[1]) . ' ' . $this->connection->quoteTableName($matches[2]);
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} else {
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$table = $this->connection->quoteTableName($table);
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}
}
$joins[$i] = strtoupper($join[0]) . ' ' . $table;
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if (isset($join[2])) { // join condition
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$joins[$i] .= ' ON ' . $this->buildCondition($join[2]);
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}
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} else {
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throw new Exception('A join clause must be specified as an array of at least two elements.');
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}
}
}
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return implode("\n", $joins);
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}
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/**
* @return string the WHERE clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildWhere()
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{
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$where = $this->buildCondition($this->query->where);
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return empty($where) ? '' : 'WHERE ' . $where;
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}
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/**
* @return string the GROUP BY clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildGroupBy()
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{
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$columns = $this->query->groupBy;
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if (empty($columns)) {
return '';
}
if (is_string($columns) && strpos($columns, '(') !== false) {
return 'GROUP BY ' . $columns;
}
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if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
foreach ($columns as $i => $column) {
if (is_object($column)) {
$columns[$i] = (string)$column;
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} elseif (strpos($column, '(') === false) {
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$columns[$i] = $this->connection->quoteColumnName($column);
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}
}
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return 'GROUP BY ' . implode(', ', $columns);
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}
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/**
* @return string the HAVING clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildHaving()
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{
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$having = $this->buildCondition($this->query->having);
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return empty($having) ? '' : 'HAVING ' . $having;
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}
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/**
* @return string the ORDER BY clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildOrderBy()
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{
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$columns = $this->query->orderBy;
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if (empty($columns)) {
return '';
}
if (is_string($columns) && strpos($columns, '(') !== false) {
return 'ORDER BY ' . $columns;
}
if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
foreach ($columns as $i => $column) {
if (is_object($column)) {
$columns[$i] = (string)$column;
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} elseif (strpos($column, '(') === false) {
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if (preg_match('/^(.*?)\s+(asc|desc)$/i', $column, $matches)) {
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$columns[$i] = $this->connection->quoteColumnName($matches[1]) . ' ' . strtoupper($matches[2]);
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} else {
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$columns[$i] = $this->connection->quoteColumnName($column);
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}
}
}
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return 'ORDER BY ' . implode(', ', $columns);
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}
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/**
* @return string the LIMIT and OFFSET clauses built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildLimit()
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{
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$sql = '';
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if ($this->query->limit !== null && $this->query->limit >= 0) {
$sql = 'LIMIT ' . (int)$this->query->limit;
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}
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if ($this->query->offset > 0) {
$sql .= ' OFFSET ' . (int)$this->query->offset;
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}
return ltrim($sql);
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}
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/**
* @return string the UNION clause built from [[query]].
*/
protected function buildUnion()
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{
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$unions = $this->query->union;
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if (empty($unions)) {
return '';
}
if (!is_array($unions)) {
$unions = array($unions);
}
foreach ($unions as $i => $union) {
if ($union instanceof Query) {
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$unions[$i] = $union->getSql($this->connection);
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}
}
return "UNION (\n" . implode("\n) UNION (\n", $unions) . "\n)";
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}
}