diff --git a/framework/base/Object.php b/framework/base/Object.php
index 3d9f7a7..44b3308 100644
--- a/framework/base/Object.php
+++ b/framework/base/Object.php
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class Object
 	 */
 	public function canSetProperty($name, $checkVar = true)
 	{
-		return method_exists($this, 'set' . $name) || $checkVar && property_exists($this, $name);
+		return $checkVar && property_exists($this, $name) || method_exists($this, 'set' . $name);
 	}
 
 	/**
diff --git a/framework/db/ar/ActiveFinder.php b/framework/db/ar/ActiveFinder.php
index 1db8f2d..3e739b9 100644
--- a/framework/db/ar/ActiveFinder.php
+++ b/framework/db/ar/ActiveFinder.php
@@ -21,6 +21,30 @@ use yii\db\Exception;
  * todo: clean up joinOnly and select=false
  * todo: records for index != null, asArray = true
  * todo: refactor code
+ * todo: count with
+ * todo: findBySql and lazy loading cannot apply scopes for primary table
+ *
+ * Four cases:
+ * 1. normal eager loading
+ * 2. eager loading, base limited and has many
+ * 3. findBySql and eager loading
+ * 4. lazy loading
+ *
+ * Build a join tree
+ * Update join tree
+ *     Case 2:
+ *         Find PKs for primary table
+ *         Modify main query with the found PK, reset limit/offset
+ *     Case 3:
+ *         Find records by SQL
+ *         Reset main query and set WHERE with the found PK
+ *         Set root.records = the found records
+ *     Case 4:
+ *         Set root.records = the primary record
+ * Generate join query
+ *     Case 4:
+ *         If
+ *
  * @property integer $count
  *
  * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
@@ -101,10 +125,38 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 		return $records;
 	}
 
-
-	public function findRelatedRecords($record, $relation, $params)
+	public function findRelatedRecords($record, $relation)
 	{
+		$this->_joinCount = 0;
+		$this->_tableAliases = array();
+		$this->_hasMany = false;
+		$query = new ActiveQuery(get_class($record));
+		$joinTree = new JoinElement($this->_joinCount++, $query, null, null);
+		$child = $this->buildJoinTree($joinTree, $relation->name);
+		$this->buildJoinTree($child, $relation->with);
+		$this->initJoinTree($joinTree);
 
+		// todo: set where by pk
+
+		$q = new Query;
+		$this->buildJoinQuery($joinTree, $q);
+
+		if ($this->_hasMany && ($query->limit > 0 || $query->offset > 0)) {
+			$this->limitQuery($query, $q);
+		}
+
+		$rows = $q->createCommand($this->connection)->queryAll();
+		$joinTree->populateData($rows);
+
+		if ($query->index !== null) {
+			$records = array();
+			foreach ($joinTree->records as $record) {
+				$records[$record[$query->index]] = $record;
+			}
+			return $records;
+		} else {
+			return array_values($joinTree->records);
+		}
 	}
 
 	private $_joinCount;
@@ -150,7 +202,7 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 		}
 
 		$this->buildJoinTree($joinTree, $query->with);
-		$this->initJoinTree($joinTree);
+		$this->initJoinTree($joinTree, !isset($records));
 
 		$q = new Query;
 		$this->buildJoinQuery($joinTree, $q);
@@ -160,19 +212,9 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 		}
 
 		$rows = $q->createCommand($this->connection)->queryAll();
-		foreach ($rows as $row) {
-			$joinTree->createRecord($row);
-		}
+		$joinTree->populateData($rows);
 
-		if ($query->index !== null) {
-			$records = array();
-			foreach ($joinTree->records as $record) {
-				$records[$record[$query->index]] = $record;
-			}
-			return $records;
-		} else {
-			return array_values($joinTree->records);
-		}
+		return $query->index === null ? array_values($joinTree->records) : $joinTree->records;
 	}
 
 	protected function applyScopes($query)
@@ -208,6 +250,9 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 	 */
 	protected function buildJoinTree($parent, $with, $config = array())
 	{
+		if (empty($with)) {
+			return null;
+		}
 		if (is_array($with)) {
 			foreach ($with as $name => $value) {
 				if (is_array($value)) {
@@ -274,8 +319,9 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 
 	/**
 	 * @param JoinElement $element
+	 * @param boolean $applyScopes
 	 */
-	protected function initJoinTree($element)
+	protected function initJoinTree($element, $applyScopes = true)
 	{
 		if ($element->query->tableAlias !== null) {
 			$alias = $element->query->tableAlias;
@@ -299,7 +345,13 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 		$this->_tableAliases[$alias] = true;
 		$element->query->tableAlias = $alias;
 
-		$this->applyScopes($element->query);
+		if ($applyScopes) {
+			$this->applyScopes($element->query);
+		}
+
+		if ($element->container !== null && $element->query->asArray === null) {
+			$element->query->asArray = $element->container->query->asArray;
+		}
 
 		foreach ($element->children as $child) {
 			$this->initJoinTree($child, $count);
@@ -444,24 +496,26 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 		$columns = array();
 		$columnCount = 0;
 		$prefix = $element->query->tableAlias;
+
+		foreach ($table->primaryKey as $column) {
+			$alias = "c{$element->id}_" . ($columnCount++);
+			$columns[] = "$prefix.$column AS $alias";
+			$element->pkAlias[$column] = $alias;
+			$element->columnAliases[$alias] = $column;
+		}
+
 		if (empty($select) || $select === '*') {
 			foreach ($table->columns as $column) {
-				$alias = "c{$element->id}_" . ($columnCount++);
-				$columns[] = "$prefix.{$column->name} AS $alias";
-				$element->columnAliases[$alias] = $column->name;
-				if ($column->isPrimaryKey) {
-					$element->pkAlias[$column->name] = $alias;
+				if (!isset($element->pkAlias[$column->name])) {
+					$alias = "c{$element->id}_" . ($columnCount++);
+					$columns[] = "$prefix.{$column->name} AS $alias";
+					$element->columnAliases[$alias] = $column->name;
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
 			if (is_string($select)) {
 				$select = explode(',', $select);
 			}
-			foreach ($table->primaryKey as $column) {
-				$alias = "c{$element->id}_" . ($columnCount++);
-				$columns[] = "$prefix.$column AS $alias";
-				$element->pkAlias[$column] = $alias;
-			}
 			foreach ($select as $column) {
 				$column = trim($column);
 				if (preg_match('/^(.*?)\s+AS\s+(\w+)$/im', $column, $matches)) {
@@ -476,6 +530,18 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 			}
 		}
 
+		// determine the actual index column(s)
+		if ($element->query->index !== null) {
+			$index = array_search($element->query->index, $element->columnAliases);
+		}
+		if (empty($index)) {
+			$index = $element->pkAlias;
+			if (count($index) === 1) {
+				$index = reset($element->pkAlias);
+			}
+		}
+		$element->key = $index;
+
 		return $columns;
 	}
 
@@ -506,7 +572,6 @@ class ActiveFinder extends \yii\base\Object
 			$query->andWhere(array('in', $prefix . $name, $values));
 		} else {
 			$ors = array('or');
-			$prefix = $this->connection->quoteTableName($activeQuery->tableAlias, true) . '.';
 			foreach ($rows as $row) {
 				$hash = array();
 				foreach ($table->primaryKey as $name) {
diff --git a/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecord.php b/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecord.php
index cb31f8d..0a0e375 100644
--- a/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecord.php
+++ b/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecord.php
@@ -555,8 +555,12 @@ abstract class ActiveRecord extends Model
 			}
 			$relation = $md->relations[$relation];
 		}
-		$query = $this->createActiveQuery();
-		return $query->findRelatedRecords($this, $relation, $params);
+		foreach ($params as $name => $value) {
+			$relation->$name = $value;
+		}
+
+		$finder = new ActiveFinder($this->getDbConnection());
+		return $finder->findRelatedRecords($this, $relation);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -1045,7 +1049,7 @@ abstract class ActiveRecord extends Model
 		foreach ($row as $name => $value) {
 			if (isset($columns[$name])) {
 				$record->_attributes[$name] = $value;
-			} elseif ($record->canSetProperty($name)) {
+			} else {
 				$record->$name = $value;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/framework/db/ar/JoinElement.php b/framework/db/ar/JoinElement.php
index 51605d8..9d4bf3d 100644
--- a/framework/db/ar/JoinElement.php
+++ b/framework/db/ar/JoinElement.php
@@ -29,24 +29,36 @@ class JoinElement extends \yii\base\Object
 	 * @var JoinElement the parent element that this element needs to join with
 	 */
 	public $parent;
+	public $container;
 	/**
 	 * @var JoinElement[] the child elements that need to join with this element
 	 */
 	public $children = array();
 	/**
-	 * @var JoinElement[] the child elements that have relations declared in the AR class of this element
+	 * @var JoinElement[] the child elements that have corresponding relations declared in the AR class of this element
 	 */
 	public $relations = array();
 	/**
-	 * @var boolean whether this element is only for join purpose. If false, data will also be populated into the AR of this element.
+	 * @var boolean whether this element is only for join purpose. If false, data will be populated into the AR of this element.
 	 */
 	public $joinOnly;
-
-	public $columnAliases = array(); // alias => original name
-	public $pkAlias = array(); // original name => alias
-
+	/**
+	 * @var array column aliases (alias => original name)
+	 */
+	public $columnAliases = array();
+	/**
+	 * @var array primary key column aliases (original name => alias)
+	 */
+	public $pkAlias = array();
+	/**
+	 * @var string|array the column(s) used for index the query results
+	 */
+	public $key;
+	/**
+	 * @var array query results for this element (PK value => AR instance or data array)
+	 */
 	public $records;
-	public $relatedRecords;
+	public $related;
 
 	/**
 	 * @param integer $id
@@ -60,71 +72,106 @@ class JoinElement extends \yii\base\Object
 		$this->query = $query;
 		if ($parent !== null) {
 			$this->parent = $parent;
+			$this->container = $container;
 			$parent->children[$query->name] = $this;
-			$container->relations[$query->name] = $this;
+			if ($query->select !== false) {
+				$container->relations[$query->name] = $this;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param array $row
-	 * @return null|ActiveRecord
-	 */
-	public function createRecord($row)
+	public function populateData($rows)
 	{
-		$pk = array();
-		foreach ($this->pkAlias as $alias) {
-			if (isset($row[$alias])) {
-				$pk[] = $row[$alias];
-			} else {
-				return null;
+		if ($this->container === null) {
+			foreach ($rows as $row) {
+				if (($key = $this->getKeyValue($row)) !== null && !isset($this->records[$key])) {
+					$this->records[$key] = $this->createRecord($row);
+				}
 			}
-		}
-		$pk = count($pk) === 1 ? $pk[0] : serialize($pk);
-
-		// create record
-		// todo: asArray
-		if (isset($this->records[$pk])) {
-			$record = $this->records[$pk];
 		} else {
-			$attributes = array();
-			foreach ($row as $alias => $value) {
-				if (isset($this->columnAliases[$alias])) {
-					$attributes[$this->columnAliases[$alias]] = $value;
+			foreach ($rows as $row) {
+				$key = $this->getKeyValue($row);
+				$containerKey = $this->container->getKeyValue($row);
+				if ($key === null || $containerKey === null || isset($this->related[$containerKey][$key])) {
+					continue;
 				}
-			}
-			$modelClass = $this->query->modelClass;
-			$this->records[$pk] = $record = $modelClass::create($attributes);
-			foreach ($this->children as $child) {
-				if ($child->query->select !== false && !$child->joinOnly) {
-					$record->initRelation($child->query);
+				$this->related[$containerKey][$key] = true;
+				if ($this->query->asArray) {
+					if (isset($this->records[$key])) {
+						if ($this->query->hasMany) {
+							if ($this->query->index !== null) {
+								$this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name][$key] =& $this->records[$key];
+							} else {
+								$this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name][] =& $this->records[$key];
+							}
+						} else {
+							$this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name] =& $this->records[$key];
+						}
+					} else {
+						$record = $this->createRecord($row);
+						if ($this->query->hasMany) {
+							if ($this->query->index !== null) {
+								$this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name][$key] = $record;
+								$this->records[$key] =& $this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name][$key];
+							} else {
+								$count = count($this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name]);
+								$this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name][] = $record;
+								$this->records[$key] =& $this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name][$count];
+							}
+						} else {
+							$this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name] = $record;
+							$this->records[$key] =& $this->container->records[$containerKey][$this->query->name];
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					if (isset($this->records[$key])) {
+						$record = $this->records[$key];
+					} else {
+						$this->records[$key] = $record = $this->createRecord($row);
+					}
+					$this->container->records[$containerKey]->addRelatedRecord($this->query, $record);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
-		// add related records
 		foreach ($this->relations as $child) {
-			if ($child->query->select === false || $child->joinOnly) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			$childRecord = $child->createRecord($row);
-			if ($childRecord === null) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			if ($child->query->hasMany) {
-				if ($child->query->index !== null) {
-					$hash = $childRecord[$child->query->index];
-				} else {
-					$hash = serialize($childRecord->getPrimaryKey());
-				}
-				if (!isset($this->relatedRecords[$pk][$child->query->name][$hash])) {
-					$this->relatedRecords[$pk][$child->query->name][$hash] = true;
-					$record->addRelatedRecord($child->query, $childRecord);
+			$child->populateData($rows);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected function getKeyValue($row)
+	{
+		if (is_array($this->key)) {
+			$key = array();
+			foreach ($this->key as $alias) {
+				if (!isset($row[$alias])) {
+					return null;
 				}
-			} else {
-				$record->addRelatedRecord($child->query, $childRecord);
+				$key[] = $row[$alias];
 			}
+			return serialize($key);
+		} else {
+			return $row[$this->key];
 		}
+	}
 
+	protected function createRecord($row)
+	{
+		$record = array();
+		foreach ($this->columnAliases as $alias => $name) {
+			$record[$name] = $row[$alias];
+		}
+		if ($this->query->asArray) {
+			foreach ($this->relations as $child) {
+				$record[$child->query->name] = $child->query->hasMany ? array() : null;
+			}
+		} else {
+			$modelClass = $this->query->modelClass;
+			$record = $modelClass::create($record);
+			foreach ($this->relations as $child) {
+				$record->{$child->query->name} = $child->query->hasMany ? array() : null;
+			}
+		}
 		return $record;
 	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/db/dao/Command.php b/framework/db/dao/Command.php
index 8baa7b0..6df40a9 100644
--- a/framework/db/dao/Command.php
+++ b/framework/db/dao/Command.php
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class Command extends \yii\base\Component
 		}
 
 		\Yii::trace("Executing SQL: {$sql}{$paramLog}", __CLASS__);
-
+echo $sql . "\n\n";
 		try {
 			if ($this->connection->enableProfiling) {
 				\Yii::beginProfile(__METHOD__ . "($sql)", __CLASS__);
diff --git a/tests/unit/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/unit/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecordTest.php
index f483513..bd8e7f0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/framework/db/ar/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -256,6 +256,15 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends \yiiunit\MysqlTestCase
 
 		$orders = Order::findBySql('SELECT * FROM tbl_order WHERE customer_id=2')->with('items')->all();
 		$this->assertEquals(2, count($orders));
+
+		$customers = Customer::find()->with('orders.customer')->order('@.id')->index('id')->asArray()->all();
+		$this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
+		$this->assertTrue(isset($customers[1], $customers[2], $customers[3]));
+		$this->assertTrue(is_array($customers[1]));
+		$this->assertEquals(1, count($customers[1]['orders']));
+		$this->assertEquals(2, count($customers[2]['orders']));
+		$this->assertEquals(0, count($customers[3]['orders']));
+		$this->assertTrue(is_array($customers[1]['orders'][0]['customer']));
 	}
 
 	/*