Alexander Makarov
12 years ago
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Performance Tuning |
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================== |
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Application performance consists of two parts. First is the framework performance |
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and the second is the application itself. Yii has a pretty low performance impact |
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on your application out of the box and can be fine-tuned further for production |
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environment. As for the application, we'll provide some of the best practices |
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along with examples on how to apply them to Yii. |
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Preparing framework for production |
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---------------------------------- |
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### Disabling Debug Mode |
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First thing you should do before deploying your application to production environment |
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is to disable debug mode. A Yii application runs in debug mode if the constant |
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`YII_DEBUG` is defined as `true` in `index.php`. Debug mode is useful during |
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development stage, but it would impact performance because some components |
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cause extra burden in debug mode. For example, the message logger may record |
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additional debug information for every message being logged. |
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### Enabling PHP opcode cache |
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Enabling the PHP opcode cache improves any PHP application performance and lowers |
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memory usage. Yii is no exception. It was tested with APC extension that caches |
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and optimizes PHP intermediate code and avoids the time spent in parsing PHP |
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scripts for every incoming request. |
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### Turning on ActiveRecord database schema caching |
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If the application is using Active Record, we should turn on the schema caching |
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to save the time of parsing database schema. This can be done by setting the |
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`Connection::enableSchemaCache` property to be `true` via application configuration |
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`protected/config/main.php`: |
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```php |
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``` |
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### Combining and Minimizing Assets |
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### Using better storage for sessions |
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By default PHP uses plain files to handle sessions. It is OK for development and |
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small projects but when it comes to handling concurrent requests it's better to |
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switch to another storage such as database. You can do so by configuring your |
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application via `protected/config/main.php`: |
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```php |
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``` |
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Improving application |
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--------------------- |
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### Using Caching Techniques |
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As described in the Caching section, Yii provides several caching solutions that |
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may improve the performance of a Web application significantly. If the generation |
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of some data takes long time, we can use the data caching approach to reduce the |
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data generation frequency; If a portion of page remains relatively static, we |
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can use the fragment caching approach to reduce its rendering frequency; |
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If a whole page remains relative static, we can use the page caching approach to |
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save the rendering cost for the whole page. |
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### Database Optimization |
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Fetching data from database is often the main performance bottleneck in |
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a Web application. Although using caching may alleviate the performance hit, |
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it does not fully solve the problem. When the database contains enormous data |
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and the cached data is invalid, fetching the latest data could be prohibitively |
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expensive without proper database and query design. |
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Design index wisely in a database. Indexing can make SELECT queries much faster, |
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but it may slow down INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE queries. |
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For complex queries, it is recommended to create a database view for it instead |
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of issuing the queries inside the PHP code and asking DBMS to parse them repetitively. |
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Do not overuse Active Record. Although Active Record is good at modelling data |
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in an OOP fashion, it actually degrades performance due to the fact that it needs |
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to create one or several objects to represent each row of query result. For data |
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intensive applications, using DAO or database APIs at lower level could be |
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a better choice. |
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Last but not least, use LIMIT in your SELECT queries. This avoids fetching |
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overwhelming data from database and exhausting the memory allocated to PHP. |
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### Using asArray |
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### Processing data in background |
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In order to respond to user requests faster you can process heavy parts of the |
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request later if there's no need for immediate response. |
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- Cron jobs + console. |
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- queues + handlers. |
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