yii2-bootstrap/framework/db/dao/Command.php

<?php
/**
 * Command class file.
 *
 * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
 * @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
 * @copyright Copyright &copy; 2008-2012 Yii Software LLC
 * @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
 */

namespace yii\db\dao;

use yii\db\Exception;

/**
 * Command represents a SQL statement to be executed against a database.
 *
 * A command object is usually created by calling [[Connection::createCommand]].
 * The SQL statement it represents can be set via the [[sql]] property.
 *
 * To execute a non-query SQL (such as INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE), call [[execute]].
 * To execute a SQL statement that returns result data set (such as SELECT),
 * use [[queryAll]], [[queryRow]], [[queryColumn]], [[queryScalar]], or [[query]].
 * For example,
 *
 * ~~~
 * $users = \Yii::app()->db->createCommand('SELECT * FROM tbl_user')->queryAll();
 * ~~~
 *
 * Command supports SQL statement preparation and parameter binding.
 * Call [[bindValue]] to bind a value to a SQL parameter;
 * Call [[bindParam]] to bind a PHP variable to a SQL parameter.
 * When binding a parameter, the SQL statement is automatically prepared.
 * You may also call [[prepare]] explicitly to prepare a SQL statement.
 *
 * Command can be used as a query builder that builds and executes a SQL statement
 * from code fragments. For example,
 *
 * ~~~
 * $user = \Yii::app()->db->createCommand()
 *     ->select('username, password')
 *     ->from('tbl_user')
 *     ->where('id=:id', array(':id'=>1))
 *     ->queryRow();
 * ~~~
 *
 * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
 * @since 2.0
 */
class Command extends \yii\base\Component
{
	/**
	 * @var Connection the DB connection that this command is associated with
	 */
	public $connection;
	/**
	 * @var Query the database query that this command is currently representing
	 */
	public $query;
	/**
	 * @var \PDOStatement the PDOStatement object that this command contains
	 */
	public $pdoStatement;
	/**
	 * @var mixed the default fetch mode for this command.
	 * @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDOStatement-setFetchMode.php
	 */
	public $fetchMode = \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC;

	/**
	 * @var string the SQL statement that this command represents
	 */
	private $_sql;
	/**
	 * @var array the parameter log information (name=>value)
	 */
	private $_params = array();

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 * Instead of explicitly creating a Command object using `new` operator,
	 * you should use [[Connection::createCommand]] to get a new Command object.
	 * @param Connection $connection the database connection
	 * @param mixed $query the DB query to be executed. This can be:
	 *
	 * - a string representing the SQL statement to be executed
	 * - a [[Query]] object representing the SQL query
	 * - an array that will be used to initialize [[Query]]
	 * - null (default) if the query needs to be built using query builder methods next.
	 */
	public function __construct($connection, $query = null)
	{
		$this->connection = $connection;
		if (is_object($query)) {
			$this->query = $query;
		} else {
			$this->query = new Query;
			if (is_array($query)) {
				$this->query->fromArray($query);
			} else {
				$this->_sql = $query;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Cleans up the command and prepares for building a new query.
	 * This method is mainly used when a command object is being reused
	 * multiple times for building different queries.
	 * Calling this method will clean up these properties: [[sql]], [[query]],
	 * [[pdoStatement]] and [[params]].
	 * @return Command this command instance
	 */
	public function reset()
	{
		$this->query = new Query;
		$this->pdoStatement = null;
		$this->_params = array();
		$this->_sql = null;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the SQL statement for this command.
	 * When this method is called, a new SQL statement will be built from [[query]]
	 * if it has not been done before or if `$rebuild` is `true`.
	 * @param boolean $rebuild whether to rebuild the SQL statement from [[query]].
	 * @return string the SQL statement to be executed
	 */
	public function getSql($rebuild = false)
	{
		if ($this->_sql === null || $rebuild) {
			$this->_sql = $this->query->getSql($this->connection);
		}
		return $this->_sql;
	}

	/**
	 * Specifies the SQL statement to be executed.
	 * Any previous execution will be terminated or cancel.
	 * @param string $value the SQL statement to be set.
	 * @return Command this command instance
	 */
	public function setSql($value)
	{
		$this->_sql = $this->connection->expandTablePrefix($value);
		$this->cancel();
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares the SQL statement to be executed.
	 * For complex SQL statement that is to be executed multiple times,
	 * this may improve performance.
	 * For SQL statement with binding parameters, this method is invoked
	 * automatically.
	 */
	public function prepare()
	{
		if ($this->pdoStatement == null) {
			$sql = $this->getSql();
			try {
				$this->pdoStatement = $this->connection->pdo->prepare($sql);
			} catch(\Exception $e) {
				\Yii::error($e->getMessage() . "\nFailed to prepare SQL: $sql", __CLASS__);
                $errorInfo = $e instanceof \PDOException ? $e->errorInfo : null;
				throw new Exception($e->getMessage(), (int)$e->getCode(), $errorInfo);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Cancels the execution of the SQL statement.
	 * This method mainly sets [[pdoStatement]] to be null.
	 * Please call [[reset]] if you want to run a different SQL statement.
	 */
	public function cancel()
	{
		$this->pdoStatement = null;
	}

	/**
	 * Binds a parameter to the SQL statement to be executed.
	 * @param mixed $name parameter identifier. For a prepared statement
	 * using named placeholders, this will be a parameter name of
	 * the form `:name`. For a prepared statement using question mark
	 * placeholders, this will be the 1-indexed position of the parameter.
	 * @param mixed $value Name of the PHP variable to bind to the SQL statement parameter
	 * @param integer $dataType SQL data type of the parameter. If null, the type is determined by the PHP type of the value.
	 * @param integer $length length of the data type
	 * @param mixed $driverOptions the driver-specific options
	 * @return Command the current command being executed
	 * @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDOStatement-bindParam.php
	 */
	public function bindParam($name, &$value, $dataType = null, $length = null, $driverOptions = null)
	{
		$this->prepare();
		if ($dataType === null) {
			$this->pdoStatement->bindParam($name, $value, $this->connection->getPdoType(gettype($value)));
		} elseif ($length === null) {
			$this->pdoStatement->bindParam($name, $value, $dataType);
		} elseif ($driverOptions === null) {
			$this->pdoStatement->bindParam($name, $value, $dataType, $length);
		} else {
			$this->pdoStatement->bindParam($name, $value, $dataType, $length, $driverOptions);
		}
		$this->_params[$name] =& $value;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Binds a value to a parameter.
	 * @param mixed $name Parameter identifier. For a prepared statement
	 * using named placeholders, this will be a parameter name of
	 * the form `:name`. For a prepared statement using question mark
	 * placeholders, this will be the 1-indexed position of the parameter.
	 * @param mixed $value The value to bind to the parameter
	 * @param integer $dataType SQL data type of the parameter. If null, the type is determined by the PHP type of the value.
	 * @return Command the current command being executed
	 * @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDOStatement-bindValue.php
	 */
	public function bindValue($name, $value, $dataType = null)
	{
		$this->prepare();
		if ($dataType === null) {
			$this->pdoStatement->bindValue($name, $value, $this->connection->getPdoType(gettype($value)));
		} else {
			$this->pdoStatement->bindValue($name, $value, $dataType);
		}
		$this->_params[$name] = $value;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Binds a list of values to the corresponding parameters.
	 * This is similar to [[bindValue]] except that it binds multiple values at a time.
	 * Note that the SQL data type of each value is determined by its PHP type.
	 * @param array $values the values to be bound. This must be given in terms of an associative
	 * array with array keys being the parameter names, and array values the corresponding parameter values,
	 * e.g. `array(':name'=>'John', ':age'=>25)`.
	 * @return Command the current command being executed
	 */
	public function bindValues($values)
	{
		$this->query->addParams($values);
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Executes the SQL statement.
	 * This method is meant only for executing non-query SQL statement, such as `INSERT`, `DELETE`, `UPDATE` SQLs.
	 * No result set will be returned.
	 * @param array $params input parameters (name=>value) for the SQL execution. This is an alternative
	 * to [[bindValues]]. Note that if you pass parameters in this way, any previous call to [[bindParam]]
	 * or [[bindValue]] will be ignored.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 * @throws Exception execution failed
	 */
	public function execute($params = array())
	{
		$sql = $this->getSql();
		$params = array_merge($this->query->params, $params);
		$this->_params = array_merge($this->_params, $params);
		if ($this->_params === array()) {
			$paramLog = '';
		} else {
			$paramLog = "Parameters: " . var_export($this->_params, true);
		}

		\Yii::trace("Executing SQL: {$sql}{$paramLog}", __CLASS__);

		try {
			if ($this->connection->enableProfiling) {
				\Yii::beginProfile(__METHOD__ . "($sql)", __CLASS__);
			}

			$this->prepare();
			if ($params === array()) {
				$this->pdoStatement->execute();
			} else {
				$this->pdoStatement->execute($params);
			}
			$n = $this->pdoStatement->rowCount();

			if ($this->connection->enableProfiling) {
				\Yii::endProfile(__METHOD__ . "($sql)", __CLASS__);
			}
			return $n;
		} catch (Exception $e) {
			if ($this->connection->enableProfiling) {
				\Yii::endProfile(__METHOD__ . "($sql)", __CLASS__);
			}
			$message = $e->getMessage();
			\Yii::error("$message\nFailed to execute SQL: {$sql}{$paramLog}", __CLASS__);
			$errorInfo = $e instanceof \PDOException ? $e->errorInfo : null;
			throw new Exception($message, (int)$e->getCode(), $errorInfo);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Executes the SQL statement and returns query result.
	 * This method is for executing a SQL query that returns result set, such as `SELECT`.
	 * @param array $params input parameters (name=>value) for the SQL execution. This is an alternative
	 * to [[bindValues]]. Note that if you pass parameters in this way, any previous call to [[bindParam]]
	 * or [[bindValue]] will be ignored.
	 * @return DataReader the reader object for fetching the query result
	 * @throws Exception execution failed
	 */
	public function query($params = array())
	{
		return $this->queryInternal('', $params);
	}

	/**
	 * Executes the SQL statement and returns all rows.
	 * @param array $params input parameters (name=>value) for the SQL execution. This is an alternative
	 * to [[bindValues]]. Note that if you pass parameters in this way, any previous call to [[bindParam]]
	 * or [[bindValue]] will be ignored.
	 * @param boolean $fetchAssociative whether each row should be returned as an associated array with
	 * column names as the keys or the array keys are column indexes (0-based).
	 * @return array all rows of the query result. Each array element is an array representing a row.
	 * An empty array is returned if the query results in nothing.
	 * @throws Exception execution failed
	 */
	public function queryAll($params = array(), $fetchMode = null)
	{
		return $this->queryInternal('fetchAll', $params, $fetchMode);
	}

	/**
	 * Executes the SQL statement and returns the first row of the result.
	 * This is a convenient method of {@link query} when only the first row of data is needed.
	 * @param array $params input parameters (name=>value) for the SQL execution. This is an alternative
	 * to [[bindValues]]. Note that if you pass parameters in this way, any previous call to [[bindParam]]
	 * or [[bindValue]] will be ignored.
	 * @param boolean $fetchAssociative whether the row should be returned as an associated array with
	 * column names as the keys or the array keys are column indexes (0-based).
	 * @return mixed the first row (in terms of an array) of the query result, false if no result.
	 * @throws Exception execution failed
	 */
	public function queryRow($params = array(), $fetchMode = null)
	{
		return $this->queryInternal('fetch', $params, $fetchMode);
	}

	/**
	 * Executes the SQL statement and returns the value of the first column in the first row of data.
	 * This is a convenient method of {@link query} when only a single scalar
	 * value is needed (e.g. obtaining the count of the records).
	 * @param array $params input parameters (name=>value) for the SQL execution. This is an alternative
	 * to [[bindValues]]. Note that if you pass parameters in this way, any previous call to [[bindParam]]
	 * or [[bindValue]] will be ignored.
	 * @return mixed the value of the first column in the first row of the query result. False is returned if there is no value.
	 * @throws Exception execution failed
	 */
	public function queryScalar($params = array())
	{
		$result = $this->queryInternal('fetchColumn', $params);
		if (is_resource($result) && get_resource_type($result) === 'stream') {
			return stream_get_contents($result);
		}
		else {
			return $result;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Executes the SQL statement and returns the first column of the result.
	 * This is a convenient method of {@link query} when only the first column of data is needed.
	 * Note, the column returned will contain the first element in each row of result.
	 * @param array $params input parameters (name=>value) for the SQL execution. This is an alternative
	 * to [[bindValues]]. Note that if you pass parameters in this way, any previous call to [[bindParam]]
	 * or [[bindValue]] will be ignored.
	 * @return array the first column of the query result. Empty array if no result.
	 * @throws Exception execution failed
	 */
	public function queryColumn($params = array())
	{
		return $this->queryInternal('fetchAll', $params, \PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $method method of PDOStatement to be called
	 * @param mixed $mode parameters to be passed to the method
	 * @param array $params input parameters (name=>value) for the SQL execution. This is an alternative
	 * to [[bindValues]]. Note that if you pass parameters in this way, any previous call to [[bindParam]]
	 * or [[bindValue]] will be ignored.
	 * @return mixed the method execution result
	 */
	private function queryInternal($method, $params, $fetchMode = null)
	{
		$db = $this->connection;
		$sql = $this->getSql();
		$params = array_merge($this->query->params, $params);
		$this->_params = array_merge($this->_params, $params);
		if ($this->_params === array()) {
			$paramLog = '';
		} else {
			$paramLog = "Parameters: " . var_export($this->_params, true);
		}

		\Yii::trace("Querying SQL: {$sql}{$paramLog}", __CLASS__);

		$cachingEnabled = $db->queryCachingCount > 0 && $method !== ''
				&& $db->queryCachingDuration >= 0
				&& ($cache = \Yii::app()->getComponent($db->queryCacheID)) !== null;
		if ($cachingEnabled) {
			$db->queryCachingCount--;
			$cacheKey = 'yii:dbquery' . $db->connectionString . ':' . $db->username;
			$cacheKey .= ':' . $sql . ':' . $paramLog;
			if (($result = $cache->get($cacheKey)) !== false) {
				\Yii::trace('Query result found in cache', 'system.db.Command');
				return $result;
			}
		}

		try {
			if ($db->enableProfiling) {
				\Yii::beginProfile(__METHOD__ . "($sql)", __CLASS__);
			}

			$this->prepare();
			if ($params === array()) {
				$this->pdoStatement->execute();
			} else {
				$this->pdoStatement->execute($params);
			}

			if ($method === '') {
				$result = new DataReader($this);
			} else {
				if ($fetchMode === null) {
					$fetchMode = $this->fetchMode;
				}
				$result = call_user_func_array(array($this->pdoStatement, $method), (array)$fetchMode);
				$this->pdoStatement->closeCursor();
			}

			if ($db->enableProfiling) {
				\Yii::endProfile(__METHOD__ . "($sql)", __CLASS__);
			}

			if ($cachingEnabled) {
				$cache->set($cacheKey, $result, $db->queryCachingDuration, $db->queryCachingDependency);
			}

			return $result;
		} catch (Exception $e) {
			if ($db->enableProfiling) {
				\Yii::endProfile(__METHOD__ . "($sql)", __CLASS__);
			}
			$errorInfo = $e instanceof \PDOException ? $e->errorInfo : null;
			$message = $e->getMessage();
			\Yii::log(\Yii::t('yii', 'Command::{method}() failed: {error}. The SQL statement executed was: {sql}.',
				array('{method}' => $method, '{error}' => $message, '{sql}' => $this->getSql() . $par)), CLogger::LEVEL_ERROR, 'system.db.Command');
			if (YII_DEBUG) {
				$message .= '. The SQL statement executed was: ' . $this->getSql() . $par;
			}
			throw new Exception(\Yii::t('yii', 'Command failed to execute the SQL statement: {error}',
				array('{error}' => $message)), (int)$e->getCode(), $errorInfo);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the SELECT part of the query.
	 * @param mixed $columns the columns to be selected. Defaults to '*', meaning all columns.
	 * Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. array('id', 'name')).
	 * Columns can contain table prefixes (e.g. "tbl_user.id") and/or column aliases (e.g. "tbl_user.id AS user_id").
	 * The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the column contains a DB expression).
	 * @param string $option additional option that should be appended to the 'SELECT' keyword. For example,
	 * in MySQL, the option 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS' can be used. This parameter is supported since version 1.1.8.
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function select($columns = '*', $option = '')
	{
		$this->query->select = $columns;
		$this->query->selectOption = $option;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the SELECT part of the query with the DISTINCT flag turned on.
	 * This is the same as {@link select} except that the DISTINCT flag is turned on.
	 * @param mixed $columns the columns to be selected. See {@link select} for more details.
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function selectDistinct($columns = '*', $option = '')
	{
		$this->query->distinct = true;
		return $this->select($columns, $option);
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the FROM part of the query.
	 * @param mixed $tables the table(s) to be selected from. This can be either a string (e.g. 'tbl_user')
	 * or an array (e.g. array('tbl_user', 'tbl_profile')) specifying one or several table names.
	 * Table names can contain schema prefixes (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table aliases (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
	 * The method will automatically quote the table names unless it contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function from($tables)
	{
		$this->query->from = $tables;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the WHERE part of the query.
	 *
	 * The method requires a $conditions parameter, and optionally a $params parameter
	 * specifying the values to be bound to the query.
	 *
	 * The $conditions parameter should be either a string (e.g. 'id=1') or an array.
	 * If the latter, it must be of the format <code>array(operator, operand1, operand2, ...)</code>,
	 * where the operator can be one of the followings, and the possible operands depend on the corresponding
	 * operator:
	 * <ul>
	 * <li><code>and</code>: the operands should be concatenated together using AND. For example,
	 * array('and', 'id=1', 'id=2') will generate 'id=1 AND id=2'. If an operand is an array,
	 * it will be converted into a string using the same rules described here. For example,
	 * array('and', 'type=1', array('or', 'id=1', 'id=2')) will generate 'type=1 AND (id=1 OR id=2)'.
	 * The method will NOT do any quoting or escaping.</li>
	 * <li><code>or</code>: similar as the <code>and</code> operator except that the operands are concatenated using OR.</li>
	 * <li><code>in</code>: operand 1 should be a column or DB expression, and operand 2 be an array representing
	 * the range of the values that the column or DB expression should be in. For example,
	 * array('in', 'id', array(1,2,3)) will generate 'id IN (1,2,3)'.
	 * The method will properly quote the column name and escape values in the range.</li>
	 * <li><code>not in</code>: similar as the <code>in</code> operator except that IN is replaced with NOT IN in the generated condition.</li>
	 * <li><code>like</code>: operand 1 should be a column or DB expression, and operand 2 be a string or an array representing
	 * the values that the column or DB expression should be like.
	 * For example, array('like', 'name', '%tester%') will generate "name LIKE '%tester%'".
	 * When the value range is given as an array, multiple LIKE predicates will be generated and concatenated using AND.
	 * For example, array('like', 'name', array('%test%', '%sample%')) will generate
	 * "name LIKE '%test%' AND name LIKE '%sample%'".
	 * The method will properly quote the column name and escape values in the range.</li>
	 * <li><code>not like</code>: similar as the <code>like</code> operator except that LIKE is replaced with NOT LIKE in the generated condition.</li>
	 * <li><code>or like</code>: similar as the <code>like</code> operator except that OR is used to concatenated the LIKE predicates.</li>
	 * <li><code>or not like</code>: similar as the <code>not like</code> operator except that OR is used to concatenated the NOT LIKE predicates.</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * @param mixed $conditions the conditions that should be put in the WHERE part.
	 * @param array $params the parameters (name=>value) to be bound to the query
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function where($conditions, $params = array())
	{
		$this->query->where = $conditions;
		$this->query->addParams($params);
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Appends an INNER JOIN part to the query.
	 * @param string $table the table to be joined.
	 * Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
	 * The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
	 * @param mixed $conditions the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
	 * Please refer to {@link where} on how to specify conditions.
	 * @param array $params the parameters (name=>value) to be bound to the query
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function join($table, $conditions, $params = array())
	{
		return $this->joinInternal('JOIN', $table, $conditions, $params);
	}

	/**
	 * Appends a LEFT OUTER JOIN part to the query.
	 * @param string $table the table to be joined.
	 * Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
	 * The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
	 * @param mixed $conditions the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
	 * Please refer to {@link where} on how to specify conditions.
	 * @param array $params the parameters (name=>value) to be bound to the query
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function leftJoin($table, $conditions, $params = array())
	{
		return $this->joinInternal('LEFT JOIN', $table, $conditions, $params);
	}

	/**
	 * Appends a RIGHT OUTER JOIN part to the query.
	 * @param string $table the table to be joined.
	 * Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
	 * The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
	 * @param mixed $conditions the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
	 * Please refer to {@link where} on how to specify conditions.
	 * @param array $params the parameters (name=>value) to be bound to the query
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function rightJoin($table, $conditions, $params = array())
	{
		return $this->joinInternal('RIGHT JOIN', $table, $conditions, $params);
	}

	/**
	 * Appends a CROSS JOIN part to the query.
	 * Note that not all DBMS support CROSS JOIN.
	 * @param string $table the table to be joined.
	 * Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
	 * The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function crossJoin($table)
	{
		return $this->joinInternal('CROSS JOIN', $table);
	}

	/**
	 * Appends a NATURAL JOIN part to the query.
	 * Note that not all DBMS support NATURAL JOIN.
	 * @param string $table the table to be joined.
	 * Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
	 * The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function naturalJoin($table)
	{
		return $this->joinInternal('NATURAL JOIN', $table);
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the GROUP BY part of the query.
	 * @param mixed $columns the columns to be grouped by.
	 * Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. array('id', 'name')).
	 * The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the column contains a DB expression).
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function groupBy($columns)
	{
		$this->query->groupBy = $columns;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the HAVING part of the query.
	 * @param mixed $conditions the conditions to be put after HAVING.
	 * Please refer to {@link where} on how to specify conditions.
	 * @param array $params the parameters (name=>value) to be bound to the query
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function having($conditions, $params = array())
	{
		$this->query->having = $conditions;
		$this->query->addParams($params);
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the ORDER BY part of the query.
	 * @param mixed $columns the columns (and the directions) to be ordered by.
	 * Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id ASC, name DESC") or an array (e.g. array('id ASC', 'name DESC')).
	 * The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the column contains a DB expression).
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function orderBy($columns)
	{
		$this->query->orderBy = $columns;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the LIMIT part of the query.
	 * @param integer $limit the limit
	 * @param integer $offset the offset
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function limit($limit)
	{
		$this->query->limit = $limit;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the OFFSET part of the query.
	 * @param integer $offset the offset
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function offset($offset)
	{
		$this->query->offset = $offset;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Appends a SQL statement using UNION operator.
	 * @param string $sql the SQL statement to be appended using UNION
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	public function union($sql)
	{
		$this->query->union[] = $sql;
		return $this->query;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates and executes an INSERT SQL statement.
	 * The method will properly escape the column names, and bind the values to be inserted.
	 * @param string $table the table that new rows will be inserted into.
	 * @param array $columns the column data (name=>value) to be inserted into the table.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function insert($table, $columns)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->insert($table, $columns, $params);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute($params);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates and executes an UPDATE SQL statement.
	 * The method will properly escape the column names and bind the values to be updated.
	 * @param string $table the table to be updated.
	 * @param array $columns the column data (name=>value) to be updated.
	 * @param mixed $conditions the conditions that will be put in the WHERE part. Please
	 * refer to {@link where} on how to specify conditions.
	 * @param array $params the parameters to be bound to the query.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function update($table, $columns, $conditions = '', $params = array())
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->update($table, $columns, $conditions, $params);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute($params);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates and executes a DELETE SQL statement.
	 * @param string $table the table where the data will be deleted from.
	 * @param mixed $conditions the conditions that will be put in the WHERE part. Please
	 * refer to {@link where} on how to specify conditions.
	 * @param array $params the parameters to be bound to the query.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function delete($table, $conditions = '', $params = array())
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->delete($table, $conditions);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute($params);
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for creating a new DB table.
	 *
	 * The columns in the new  table should be specified as name-definition pairs (e.g. 'name'=>'string'),
	 * where name stands for a column name which will be properly quoted by the method, and definition
	 * stands for the column type which can contain an abstract DB type.
	 * The {@link getColumnType} method will be invoked to convert any abstract type into a physical one.
	 *
	 * If a column is specified with definition only (e.g. 'PRIMARY KEY (name, type)'), it will be directly
	 * inserted into the generated SQL.
	 *
	 * @param string $table the name of the table to be created. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param array $columns the columns (name=>definition) in the new table.
	 * @param string $options additional SQL fragment that will be appended to the generated SQL.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function createTable($table, $columns, $options = null)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->createTable($table, $columns, $options);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for renaming a DB table.
	 * @param string $table the table to be renamed. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $newName the new table name. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function renameTable($table, $newName)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->renameTable($table, $newName);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for dropping a DB table.
	 * @param string $table the table to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function dropTable($table)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->dropTable($table);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for truncating a DB table.
	 * @param string $table the table to be truncated. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function truncateTable($table)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->truncateTable($table);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for adding a new DB column.
	 * @param string $table the table that the new column will be added to. The table name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $column the name of the new column. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $type the column type. The {@link getColumnType} method will be invoked to convert abstract column type (if any)
	 * into the physical one. Anything that is not recognized as abstract type will be kept in the generated SQL.
	 * For example, 'string' will be turned into 'varchar(255)', while 'string not null' will become 'varchar(255) not null'.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function addColumn($table, $column, $type)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->addColumn($table, $column, $type);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for dropping a DB column.
	 * @param string $table the table whose column is to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $column the name of the column to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function dropColumn($table, $column)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->dropColumn($table, $column);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for renaming a column.
	 * @param string $table the table whose column is to be renamed. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $name the old name of the column. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $newName the new name of the column. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function renameColumn($table, $name, $newName)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->renameColumn($table, $name, $newName);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for changing the definition of a column.
	 * @param string $table the table whose column is to be changed. The table name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $column the name of the column to be changed. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $type the new column type. The {@link getColumnType} method will be invoked to convert abstract column type (if any)
	 * into the physical one. Anything that is not recognized as abstract type will be kept in the generated SQL.
	 * For example, 'string' will be turned into 'varchar(255)', while 'string not null' will become 'varchar(255) not null'.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function alterColumn($table, $column, $type)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->alterColumn($table, $column, $type);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds a SQL statement for adding a foreign key constraint to an existing table.
	 * The method will properly quote the table and column names.
	 * @param string $name the name of the foreign key constraint.
	 * @param string $table the table that the foreign key constraint will be added to.
	 * @param string $columns the name of the column to that the constraint will be added on. If there are multiple columns, separate them with commas.
	 * @param string $refTable the table that the foreign key references to.
	 * @param string $refColumns the name of the column that the foreign key references to. If there are multiple columns, separate them with commas.
	 * @param string $delete the ON DELETE option. Most DBMS support these options: RESTRICT, CASCADE, NO ACTION, SET DEFAULT, SET NULL
	 * @param string $update the ON UPDATE option. Most DBMS support these options: RESTRICT, CASCADE, NO ACTION, SET DEFAULT, SET NULL
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function addForeignKey($name, $table, $columns, $refTable, $refColumns, $delete = null, $update = null)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->addForeignKey($name, $table, $columns, $refTable, $refColumns, $delete, $update);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds a SQL statement for dropping a foreign key constraint.
	 * @param string $name the name of the foreign key constraint to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $table the table whose foreign is to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function dropForeignKey($name, $table)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->dropForeignKey($name, $table);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for creating a new index.
	 * @param string $name the name of the index. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $table the table that the new index will be created for. The table name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $column the column(s) that should be included in the index. If there are multiple columns, please separate them
	 * by commas. The column names will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param boolean $unique whether to add UNIQUE constraint on the created index.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function createIndex($name, $table, $column, $unique = false)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->createIndex($name, $table, $column, $unique);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Builds and executes a SQL statement for dropping an index.
	 * @param string $name the name of the index to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @param string $table the table whose index is to be dropped. The name will be properly quoted by the method.
	 * @return integer number of rows affected by the execution.
	 */
	public function dropIndex($name, $table)
	{
		$sql = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder()->dropIndex($name, $table);
		return $this->setSql($sql)->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Appends an JOIN part to the query.
	 * @param string $type the join type ('join', 'left join', 'right join', 'cross join', 'natural join')
	 * @param string $table the table to be joined.
	 * Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
	 * The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
	 * (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
	 * @param mixed $conditions the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
	 * Please refer to {@link where} on how to specify conditions.
	 * @param array $params the parameters (name=>value) to be bound to the query
	 * @return Command the command object itself
	 */
	private function joinInternal($type, $table, $conditions = '', $params = array())
	{
		$this->query->join[] = array($type, $table, $conditions);
		$this->query->addParams($params);
		return $this;
	}
}