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<?php
/**
* @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 Yii Software LLC
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* @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
*/
namespace yii\db;
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use Yii;
use yii\base\Component;
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/**
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* Query represents a SELECT SQL statement in a way that is independent of DBMS.
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*
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* Query provides a set of methods to facilitate the specification of different clauses
* in a SELECT statement. These methods can be chained together.
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*
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* By calling [[createCommand()]], we can get a [[Command]] instance which can be further
* used to perform/execute the DB query against a database.
*
* For example,
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*
* ~~~
* $query = new Query;
* $query->select('id, name')
* ->from('tbl_user')
* ->limit(10);
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* // build and execute the query
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* $command = $query->createCommand();
* // $command->sql returns the actual SQL
* $rows = $command->queryAll();
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* ~~~
*
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* @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
* @since 2.0
*/
class Query extends Component
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{
/**
* Sort ascending
* @see orderBy
*/
const SORT_ASC = false;
/**
* Sort descending
* @see orderBy
*/
const SORT_DESC = true;
/**
* @var array the columns being selected. For example, `array('id', 'name')`.
* This is used to construct the SELECT clause in a SQL statement. If not set, if means selecting all columns.
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* @see select()
*/
public $select;
/**
* @var string additional option that should be appended to the 'SELECT' keyword. For example,
* in MySQL, the option 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS' can be used.
*/
public $selectOption;
/**
* @var boolean whether to select distinct rows of data only. If this is set true,
* the SELECT clause would be changed to SELECT DISTINCT.
*/
public $distinct;
/**
* @var array the table(s) to be selected from. For example, `array('tbl_user', 'tbl_post')`.
* This is used to construct the FROM clause in a SQL statement.
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* @see from()
*/
public $from;
/**
* @var string|array query condition. This refers to the WHERE clause in a SQL statement.
* For example, `age > 31 AND team = 1`.
* @see where()
*/
public $where;
/**
* @var integer maximum number of records to be returned. If not set or less than 0, it means no limit.
*/
public $limit;
/**
* @var integer zero-based offset from where the records are to be returned. If not set or
* less than 0, it means starting from the beginning.
*/
public $offset;
/**
* @var array how to sort the query results. This is used to construct the ORDER BY clause in a SQL statement.
* The array keys are the columns to be sorted by, and the array values are the corresponding sort directions which
* can be either [[Query::SORT_ASC]] or [[Query::SORT_DESC]]. The array may also contain [[Expression]] objects.
* If that is the case, the expressions will be converted into strings without any change.
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*/
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public $orderBy;
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/**
* @var array how to group the query results. For example, `array('company', 'department')`.
* This is used to construct the GROUP BY clause in a SQL statement.
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*/
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public $groupBy;
/**
* @var array how to join with other tables. Each array element represents the specification
* of one join which has the following structure:
*
* ~~~
* array($joinType, $tableName, $joinCondition)
* ~~~
*
* For example,
*
* ~~~
* array(
* array('INNER JOIN', 'tbl_user', 'tbl_user.id = author_id'),
* array('LEFT JOIN', 'tbl_team', 'tbl_team.id = team_id'),
* )
* ~~~
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*/
public $join;
/**
* @var string|array the condition to be applied in the GROUP BY clause.
* It can be either a string or an array. Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify the condition.
*/
public $having;
/**
* @var array this is used to construct the UNION clause(s) in a SQL statement.
* Each array element can be either a string or a [[Query]] object representing a sub-query.
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*/
public $union;
/**
* @var array list of query parameter values indexed by parameter placeholders.
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* For example, `array(':name' => 'Dan', ':age' => 31)`.
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*/
public $params;
/**
* @var string|callable $column the name of the column by which the query results should be indexed by.
* This can also be a callable (e.g. anonymous function) that returns the index value based on the given
* row data. For more details, see [[indexBy()]]. This property is only used by [[all()]].
*/
public $indexBy;
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/**
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* Creates a DB command that can be used to execute this query.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
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* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
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* @return Command the created DB command instance.
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*/
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public function createCommand($db = null)
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{
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if ($db === null) {
$db = Yii::$app->getDb();
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}
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$sql = $db->getQueryBuilder()->build($this);
return $db->createCommand($sql, $this->params);
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}
/**
* Sets the [[indexBy]] property.
* @param string|callable $column the name of the column by which the query results should be indexed by.
* This can also be a callable (e.g. anonymous function) that returns the index value based on the given
* row data. The signature of the callable should be:
*
* ~~~
* function ($row)
* {
* // return the index value corresponding to $row
* }
* ~~~
*
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function indexBy($column)
{
$this->indexBy = $column;
return $this;
}
/**
* Executes the query and returns all results as an array.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return array the query results. If the query results in nothing, an empty array will be returned.
*/
public function all($db = null)
{
$rows = $this->createCommand($db)->queryAll();
if ($this->indexBy === null) {
return $rows;
}
$result = array();
foreach ($rows as $row) {
if (is_string($this->indexBy)) {
$key = $row[$this->indexBy];
} else {
$key = call_user_func($this->indexBy, $row);
}
$result[$key] = $row;
}
return $result;
}
/**
* Executes the query and returns a single row of result.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return array|boolean the first row (in terms of an array) of the query result. False is returned if the query
* results in nothing.
*/
public function one($db = null)
{
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryOne();
}
/**
* Returns the query result as a scalar value.
* The value returned will be the first column in the first row of the query results.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return string|boolean the value of the first column in the first row of the query result.
* False is returned if the query result is empty.
*/
public function scalar($db = null)
{
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryScalar();
}
/**
* Executes the query and returns the first column of the result.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return array the first column of the query result. An empty array is returned if the query results in nothing.
*/
public function column($db = null)
{
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryColumn();
}
/**
* Returns the number of records.
* @param string $q the COUNT expression. Defaults to '*'.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer number of records
*/
public function count($q = '*', $db = null)
{
$this->select = array("COUNT($q)");
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryScalar();
}
/**
* Returns the sum of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the sum of the specified column values
*/
public function sum($q, $db = null)
{
$this->select = array("SUM($q)");
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryScalar();
}
/**
* Returns the average of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the average of the specified column values.
*/
public function average($q, $db = null)
{
$this->select = array("AVG($q)");
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryScalar();
}
/**
* Returns the minimum of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the minimum of the specified column values.
*/
public function min($q, $db = null)
{
$this->select = array("MIN($q)");
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryScalar();
}
/**
* Returns the maximum of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the maximum of the specified column values.
*/
public function max($q, $db = null)
{
$this->select = array("MAX($q)");
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryScalar();
}
/**
* Returns a value indicating whether the query result contains any row of data.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return boolean whether the query result contains any row of data.
*/
public function exists($db = null)
{
$this->select = array(new Expression('1'));
return $this->scalar($db) !== false;
}
/**
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* Sets the SELECT part of the query.
* @param string|array $columns the columns to be selected.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. array('id', 'name')).
* Columns can contain table prefixes (e.g. "tbl_user.id") and/or column aliases (e.g. "tbl_user.id AS user_id").
* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
* @param string $option additional option that should be appended to the 'SELECT' keyword. For example,
* in MySQL, the option 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS' can be used.
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function select($columns, $option = null)
{
if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
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$this->select = $columns;
$this->selectOption = $option;
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the value indicating whether to SELECT DISTINCT or not.
* @param bool $value whether to SELECT DISTINCT or not.
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function distinct($value = true)
{
$this->distinct = $value;
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the FROM part of the query.
* @param string|array $tables the table(s) to be selected from. This can be either a string (e.g. `'tbl_user'`)
* or an array (e.g. `array('tbl_user', 'tbl_profile')`) specifying one or several table names.
* Table names can contain schema prefixes (e.g. `'public.tbl_user'`) and/or table aliases (e.g. `'tbl_user u'`).
* The method will automatically quote the table names unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function from($tables)
{
if (!is_array($tables)) {
$tables = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($tables), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
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$this->from = $tables;
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the WHERE part of the query.
*
* The method requires a $condition parameter, and optionally a $params parameter
* specifying the values to be bound to the query.
*
* The $condition parameter should be either a string (e.g. 'id=1') or an array.
* If the latter, it must be in one of the following two formats:
*
* - hash format: `array('column1' => value1, 'column2' => value2, ...)`
* - operator format: `array(operator, operand1, operand2, ...)`
*
* A condition in hash format represents the following SQL expression in general:
* `column1=value1 AND column2=value2 AND ...`. In case when a value is an array,
* an `IN` expression will be generated. And if a value is null, `IS NULL` will be used
* in the generated expression. Below are some examples:
*
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* - `array('type' => 1, 'status' => 2)` generates `(type = 1) AND (status = 2)`.
* - `array('id' => array(1, 2, 3), 'status' => 2)` generates `(id IN (1, 2, 3)) AND (status = 2)`.
* - `array('status' => null) generates `status IS NULL`.
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*
* A condition in operator format generates the SQL expression according to the specified operator, which
* can be one of the followings:
*
* - `and`: the operands should be concatenated together using `AND`. For example,
* `array('and', 'id=1', 'id=2')` will generate `id=1 AND id=2`. If an operand is an array,
* it will be converted into a string using the rules described here. For example,
* `array('and', 'type=1', array('or', 'id=1', 'id=2'))` will generate `type=1 AND (id=1 OR id=2)`.
* The method will NOT do any quoting or escaping.
*
* - `or`: similar to the `and` operator except that the operands are concatenated using `OR`.
*
* - `between`: operand 1 should be the column name, and operand 2 and 3 should be the
* starting and ending values of the range that the column is in.
* For example, `array('between', 'id', 1, 10)` will generate `id BETWEEN 1 AND 10`.
*
* - `not between`: similar to `between` except the `BETWEEN` is replaced with `NOT BETWEEN`
* in the generated condition.
*
* - `in`: operand 1 should be a column or DB expression, and operand 2 be an array representing
* the range of the values that the column or DB expression should be in. For example,
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* `array('in', 'id', array(1, 2, 3))` will generate `id IN (1, 2, 3)`.
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* The method will properly quote the column name and escape values in the range.
*
* - `not in`: similar to the `in` operator except that `IN` is replaced with `NOT IN` in the generated condition.
*
* - `like`: operand 1 should be a column or DB expression, and operand 2 be a string or an array representing
* the values that the column or DB expression should be like.
* For example, `array('like', 'name', '%tester%')` will generate `name LIKE '%tester%'`.
* When the value range is given as an array, multiple `LIKE` predicates will be generated and concatenated
* using `AND`. For example, `array('like', 'name', array('%test%', '%sample%'))` will generate
* `name LIKE '%test%' AND name LIKE '%sample%'`.
* The method will properly quote the column name and escape values in the range.
*
* - `or like`: similar to the `like` operator except that `OR` is used to concatenate the `LIKE`
* predicates when operand 2 is an array.
*
* - `not like`: similar to the `like` operator except that `LIKE` is replaced with `NOT LIKE`
* in the generated condition.
*
* - `or not like`: similar to the `not like` operator except that `OR` is used to concatenate
* the `NOT LIKE` predicates.
*
* @param string|array $condition the conditions that should be put in the WHERE part.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
* @see andWhere()
* @see orWhere()
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*/
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public function where($condition, $params = array())
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{
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$this->where = $condition;
$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
}
/**
* Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'AND' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new WHERE condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
* @see where()
* @see orWhere()
*/
public function andWhere($condition, $params = array())
{
if ($this->where === null) {
$this->where = $condition;
} else {
$this->where = array('and', $this->where, $condition);
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}
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$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
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}
/**
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* Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'OR' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new WHERE condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
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* @see where()
* @see andWhere()
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*/
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public function orWhere($condition, $params = array())
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{
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if ($this->where === null) {
$this->where = $condition;
} else {
$this->where = array('or', $this->where, $condition);
}
$this->addParams($params);
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Appends a JOIN part to the query.
* The first parameter specifies what type of join it is.
* @param string $type the type of join, such as INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN.
* @param string $table the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
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* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
*/
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public function join($type, $table, $on = '', $params = array())
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{
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$this->join[] = array($type, $table, $on);
return $this->addParams($params);
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}
/**
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* Appends an INNER JOIN part to the query.
* @param string $table the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
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* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
*/
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public function innerJoin($table, $on = '', $params = array())
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{
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$this->join[] = array('INNER JOIN', $table, $on);
return $this->addParams($params);
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}
/**
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* Appends a LEFT OUTER JOIN part to the query.
* @param string $table the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query
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* @return Query the query object itself
*/
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public function leftJoin($table, $on = '', $params = array())
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{
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$this->join[] = array('LEFT JOIN', $table, $on);
return $this->addParams($params);
}
/**
* Appends a RIGHT OUTER JOIN part to the query.
* @param string $table the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query
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* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function rightJoin($table, $on = '', $params = array())
{
$this->join[] = array('RIGHT JOIN', $table, $on);
return $this->addParams($params);
}
/**
* Sets the GROUP BY part of the query.
* @param string|array $columns the columns to be grouped by.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. array('id', 'name')).
* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
* @return Query the query object itself
* @see addGroupBy()
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*/
public function groupBy($columns)
{
if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
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$this->groupBy = $columns;
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Adds additional group-by columns to the existing ones.
* @param string|array $columns additional columns to be grouped by.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. array('id', 'name')).
* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
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* @return Query the query object itself
* @see groupBy()
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*/
public function addGroupBy($columns)
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{
if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
if ($this->groupBy === null) {
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$this->groupBy = $columns;
} else {
$this->groupBy = array_merge($this->groupBy, $columns);
}
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Sets the HAVING part of the query.
* @param string|array $condition the conditions to be put after HAVING.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
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* @see andHaving()
* @see orHaving()
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*/
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public function having($condition, $params = array())
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{
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$this->having = $condition;
$this->addParams($params);
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return $this;
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}
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/**
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* Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'AND' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new HAVING condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
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* @see having()
* @see orHaving()
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*/
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public function andHaving($condition, $params = array())
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{
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if ($this->having === null) {
$this->having = $condition;
} else {
$this->having = array('and', $this->having, $condition);
}
$this->addParams($params);
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'OR' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new HAVING condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
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* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
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* @return Query the query object itself
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* @see having()
* @see andHaving()
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*/
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public function orHaving($condition, $params = array())
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{
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if ($this->having === null) {
$this->having = $condition;
} else {
$this->having = array('or', $this->having, $condition);
}
$this->addParams($params);
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Sets the ORDER BY part of the query.
* @param string|array $columns the columns (and the directions) to be ordered by.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id ASC, name DESC") or an array
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* (e.g. `array('id' => Query::SORT_ASC, 'name' => Query::SORT_DESC)`).
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* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
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* @return Query the query object itself
* @see addOrderBy()
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*/
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public function orderBy($columns)
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{
$this->orderBy = $this->normalizeOrderBy($columns);
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Adds additional ORDER BY columns to the query.
* @param string|array $columns the columns (and the directions) to be ordered by.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id ASC, name DESC") or an array
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* (e.g. `array('id' => Query::SORT_ASC, 'name' => Query::SORT_DESC)`).
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* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
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* @return Query the query object itself
* @see orderBy()
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*/
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public function addOrderBy($columns)
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{
$columns = $this->normalizeOrderBy($columns);
if ($this->orderBy === null) {
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$this->orderBy = $columns;
} else {
$this->orderBy = array_merge($this->orderBy, $columns);
}
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return $this;
}
protected function normalizeOrderBy($columns)
{
if (is_array($columns)) {
return $columns;
} else {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
$result = array();
foreach ($columns as $column) {
if (preg_match('/^(.*?)\s+(asc|desc)$/i', $column, $matches)) {
$result[$matches[1]] = strcasecmp($matches[2], 'desc') ? self::SORT_ASC : self::SORT_DESC;
} else {
$result[$column] = self::SORT_ASC;
}
}
return $result;
}
}
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/**
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* Sets the LIMIT part of the query.
* @param integer $limit the limit. Use null or negative value to disable limit.
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* @return Query the query object itself
*/
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public function limit($limit)
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{
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$this->limit = $limit;
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Sets the OFFSET part of the query.
* @param integer $offset the offset. Use null or negative value to disable offset.
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* @return Query the query object itself
*/
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public function offset($offset)
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{
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$this->offset = $offset;
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Appends a SQL statement using UNION operator.
* @param string|Query $sql the SQL statement to be appended using UNION
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* @return Query the query object itself
*/
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public function union($sql)
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{
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$this->union[] = $sql;
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Sets the parameters to be bound to the query.
* @param array $params list of query parameter values indexed by parameter placeholders.
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* For example, `array(':name' => 'Dan', ':age' => 31)`.
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* @return Query the query object itself
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* @see addParams()
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*/
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public function params($params)
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{
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$this->params = $params;
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return $this;
}
/**
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* Adds additional parameters to be bound to the query.
* @param array $params list of query parameter values indexed by parameter placeholders.
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* For example, `array(':name' => 'Dan', ':age' => 31)`.
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* @return Query the query object itself
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* @see params()
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*/
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public function addParams($params)
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{
if (!empty($params)) {
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if ($this->params === null) {
$this->params = $params;
} else {
foreach ($params as $name => $value) {
if (is_integer($name)) {
$this->params[] = $value;
} else {
$this->params[$name] = $value;
}
}
}
}
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return $this;
}
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}