diff --git a/apps/advanced/frontend/views/site/contact.php b/apps/advanced/frontend/views/site/contact.php
index 97580ca..4202508 100644
--- a/apps/advanced/frontend/views/site/contact.php
+++ b/apps/advanced/frontend/views/site/contact.php
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ $this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
 				<?= $form->field($model, 'email') ?>
 				<?= $form->field($model, 'subject') ?>
 				<?= $form->field($model, 'body')->textArea(['rows' => 6]) ?>
-				<?=$form->field($model, 'verifyCode')->widget(Captcha::className(), [
+				<?= $form->field($model, 'verifyCode')->widget(Captcha::className(), [
 					'options' => ['class' => 'form-control'],
 					'template' => '<div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3">{image}</div><div class="col-lg-6">{input}</div></div>',
-				]); ?>
+				]) ?>
 				<div class="form-group">
 					<?= Html::submitButton('Submit', ['class' => 'btn btn-primary']) ?>
 				</div>
diff --git a/apps/advanced/init b/apps/advanced/init
index f5d2691..c8f7f73 100755
--- a/apps/advanced/init
+++ b/apps/advanced/init
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ if (empty($params['env'])) {
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
-	if(isset($envNames[$answer])) {
+	if (isset($envNames[$answer])) {
 		$envName = $envNames[$answer];
 	}
 }
diff --git a/apps/basic/views/site/contact.php b/apps/basic/views/site/contact.php
index 66711a5..cd6d9ce 100644
--- a/apps/basic/views/site/contact.php
+++ b/apps/basic/views/site/contact.php
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ $this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
 				<?= $form->field($model, 'email') ?>
 				<?= $form->field($model, 'subject') ?>
 				<?= $form->field($model, 'body')->textArea(['rows' => 6]) ?>
-				<?=$form->field($model, 'verifyCode')->widget(Captcha::className(), [
+				<?= $form->field($model, 'verifyCode')->widget(Captcha::className(), [
 					'options' => ['class' => 'form-control'],
 					'template' => '<div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3">{image}</div><div class="col-lg-6">{input}</div></div>',
-				]); ?>
+				]) ?>
 				<div class="form-group">
 					<?= Html::submitButton('Submit', ['class' => 'btn btn-primary']) ?>
 				</div>
diff --git a/apps/basic/views/site/login.php b/apps/basic/views/site/login.php
index 62b4398..14522af 100644
--- a/apps/basic/views/site/login.php
+++ b/apps/basic/views/site/login.php
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ $this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
 
 	<?= $form->field($model, 'password')->passwordInput() ?>
 
-	<?=$form->field($model, 'rememberMe', [
+	<?= $form->field($model, 'rememberMe', [
 		'template' => "<div class=\"col-lg-offset-1 col-lg-3\">{input}</div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-8\">{error}</div>",
-	])->checkbox(); ?>
+	])->checkbox() ?>
 
 	<div class="form-group">
 		<div class="col-lg-offset-1 col-lg-11">
diff --git a/build/controllers/PhpDocController.php b/build/controllers/PhpDocController.php
index a104dd5..760cb05 100644
--- a/build/controllers/PhpDocController.php
+++ b/build/controllers/PhpDocController.php
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class PhpDocController extends Controller
 		if (trim($lines[1]) == '*' || substr(trim($lines[1]), 0, 3) == '* @') {
 			$this->stderr("[WARN] Class $className has no short description.\n", Console::FG_YELLOW, Console::BOLD);
 		}
-		foreach($lines as $line) {
+		foreach ($lines as $line) {
 			if (substr(trim($line), 0, 9) == '* @since ') {
 				$seenSince = true;
 			} elseif (substr(trim($line), 0, 10) == '* @author ') {
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class PhpDocController extends Controller
 
 			$newFileContent = [];
 			$n = count($fileContent);
-			for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
 				if ($i > $start || $i < $docStart) {
 					$newFileContent[] = $fileContent[$i];
 				} else {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class PhpDocController extends Controller
 	{
 		$lines = explode("\n", $doc);
 		$n = count($lines);
-		for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
+		for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
 			$lines[$i] = rtrim($lines[$i]);
 			if (trim($lines[$i]) == '*' && trim($lines[$i + 1]) == '*') {
 				unset($lines[$i]);
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class PhpDocController extends Controller
 		$lines = explode("\n", $doc);
 		$propertyPart = false;
 		$propertyPosition = false;
-		foreach($lines as $i => $line) {
+		foreach ($lines as $i => $line) {
 			if (substr(trim($line), 0, 12) == '* @property ') {
 				$propertyPart = true;
 			} elseif ($propertyPart && trim($line) == '*') {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class PhpDocController extends Controller
 			}
 		}
 		$finalDoc = '';
-		foreach($lines as $i => $line) {
+		foreach ($lines as $i => $line) {
 			$finalDoc .= $line . "\n";
 			if ($i == $propertyPosition) {
 				$finalDoc .= $properties;
diff --git a/docs/guide/controller.md b/docs/guide/controller.md
index bb78120..39b7f0f 100644
--- a/docs/guide/controller.md
+++ b/docs/guide/controller.md
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class BlogController extends Controller
 		$post = Post::find($id);
 		$text = $post->text;
 
-		if($version) {
+		if ($version) {
 			$text = $post->getHistory($version);
 		}
 
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ class BlogController extends Controller
 	public function actionUpdate($id)
 	{
 		$post = Post::find($id);
-		if(!$post) {
+		if (!$post) {
 			throw new HttpException(404);
 		}
 
-		if(\Yii::$app->request->isPost)) {
+		if (\Yii::$app->request->isPost)) {
 			$post->load($_POST);
-			if($post->save()) {
+			if ($post->save()) {
 				$this->redirect(['view', 'id' => $post->id]);
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/docs/guide/upgrade-from-v1.md b/docs/guide/upgrade-from-v1.md
index f04e849..628cf54 100644
--- a/docs/guide/upgrade-from-v1.md
+++ b/docs/guide/upgrade-from-v1.md
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ $model->save();
 
 $postTags = [];
 $tagsCount = count($_POST['PostTag']);
-while($tagsCount-- > 0){
+while ($tagsCount-- > 0) {
     $postTags[] = new PostTag(['post_id' => $model->id]);
 }
 Model::loadMultiple($postTags, $_POST);
diff --git a/docs/guide/view.md b/docs/guide/view.md
index 98e0140..ee469e6 100644
--- a/docs/guide/view.md
+++ b/docs/guide/view.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ as the corresponding key.
 So the view for the action above should be in `views/site/index.php` and can be something like:
 
 ```php
-<p>Hello, <?=$username?>!</p>
+<p>Hello, <?= $username ?>!</p>
 ```
 
 Instead of just scalar values you can pass anything else such as arrays or objects.
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ Then we're using it in `index.php` view where we display a list of users:
 ```php
 <div class="user-index">
 	<?php
-	foreach($users as $user) {
+	foreach ($users as $user) {
 		echo $this->render('_profile', [
 			'username' => $user->name,
 			'tagline' => $user->tagline,
diff --git a/framework/yii/BaseYii.php b/framework/yii/BaseYii.php
index 5d546bd..09312c3 100644
--- a/framework/yii/BaseYii.php
+++ b/framework/yii/BaseYii.php
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ class BaseYii
 			return self::$app->getI18n()->translate($category, $message, $params, $language ?: self::$app->language);
 		} else {
 			$p = [];
-			foreach((array) $params as $name => $value) {
+			foreach ((array) $params as $name => $value) {
 				$p['{' . $name . '}'] = $value;
 			}
 			return ($p === []) ? $message : strtr($message, $p);
diff --git a/framework/yii/base/View.php b/framework/yii/base/View.php
index d3db27d..e7ea3fe 100644
--- a/framework/yii/base/View.php
+++ b/framework/yii/base/View.php
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ class View extends Component
 		$this->trigger(self::EVENT_END_PAGE);
 
 		$content = ob_get_clean();
-		foreach(array_keys($this->assetBundles) as $bundle) {
+		foreach (array_keys($this->assetBundles) as $bundle) {
 			$this->registerAssetFiles($bundle);
 		}
 		echo strtr($content, [
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ class View extends Component
 			return;
 		}
 		$bundle = $this->assetBundles[$name];
-		foreach($bundle->depends as $dep) {
+		foreach ($bundle->depends as $dep) {
 			$this->registerAssetFiles($dep);
 		}
 		$bundle->registerAssetFiles($this);
diff --git a/framework/yii/caching/RedisCache.php b/framework/yii/caching/RedisCache.php
index 3a40254..d31d66b 100644
--- a/framework/yii/caching/RedisCache.php
+++ b/framework/yii/caching/RedisCache.php
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class RedisCache extends Cache
 		$response = $this->_connection->executeCommand('MGET', $keys);
 		$result = [];
 		$i = 0;
-		foreach($keys as $key) {
+		foreach ($keys as $key) {
 			$result[$key] = $response[$i++];
 		}
 		return $result;
diff --git a/framework/yii/data/ActiveDataProvider.php b/framework/yii/data/ActiveDataProvider.php
index 012b7dd..ca7696f 100644
--- a/framework/yii/data/ActiveDataProvider.php
+++ b/framework/yii/data/ActiveDataProvider.php
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class ActiveDataProvider extends BaseDataProvider
 		if (($sort = $this->getSort()) !== false && empty($sort->attributes) && $this->query instanceof ActiveQuery) {
 			/** @var Model $model */
 			$model = new $this->query->modelClass;
-			foreach($model->attributes() as $attribute) {
+			foreach ($model->attributes() as $attribute) {
 				$sort->attributes[$attribute] = [
 					'asc' => [$attribute => Sort::ASC],
 					'desc' => [$attribute => Sort::DESC],
diff --git a/framework/yii/db/cubrid/Schema.php b/framework/yii/db/cubrid/Schema.php
index 68aa8ee..0b9d0f5 100644
--- a/framework/yii/db/cubrid/Schema.php
+++ b/framework/yii/db/cubrid/Schema.php
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class Schema extends \yii\db\Schema
 			}
 
 			$foreignKeys = $this->db->pdo->cubrid_schema(\PDO::CUBRID_SCH_IMPORTED_KEYS, $table->name);
-			foreach($foreignKeys as $key) {
+			foreach ($foreignKeys as $key) {
 				if (isset($table->foreignKeys[$key['FK_NAME']])) {
 					$table->foreignKeys[$key['FK_NAME']][$key['FKCOLUMN_NAME']] = $key['PKCOLUMN_NAME'];
 				} else {
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class Schema extends \yii\db\Schema
 		$this->db->open();
 		$tables = $this->db->pdo->cubrid_schema(\PDO::CUBRID_SCH_TABLE);
 		$tableNames = [];
-		foreach($tables as $table) {
+		foreach ($tables as $table) {
 			// do not list system tables
 			if ($table['TYPE'] != 0) {
 				$tableNames[] = $table['NAME'];
diff --git a/framework/yii/gii/generators/form/templates/action.php b/framework/yii/gii/generators/form/templates/action.php
index 7e2f876..adc2a59 100644
--- a/framework/yii/gii/generators/form/templates/action.php
+++ b/framework/yii/gii/generators/form/templates/action.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function action<?= Inflector::id2camel(trim(basename($generator->viewName
 	$model = new <?= $generator->modelClass ?><?= empty($generator->scenarioName) ? "" : "(['scenario' => '{$generator->scenarioName}'])" ?>;
 
 	if ($model->load($_POST)) {
-		if($model->validate()) {
+		if ($model->validate()) {
 			// form inputs are valid, do something here
 			return;
 		}
diff --git a/framework/yii/gii/views/default/view.php b/framework/yii/gii/views/default/view.php
index 3123b57..2104d75 100644
--- a/framework/yii/gii/views/default/view.php
+++ b/framework/yii/gii/views/default/view.php
@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ foreach ($generator->templates as $name => $path) {
 	]); ?>
 		<div class="row">
 			<div class="col-lg-8">
-				<?=$this->renderFile($generator->formView(), [
+				<?= $this->renderFile($generator->formView(), [
 					'generator' => $generator,
 					'form' => $form,
-				]); ?>
-				<?=$form->field($generator, 'template')->sticky()
+				]) ?>
+				<?= $form->field($generator, 'template')->sticky()
 					->label('Code Template')
 					->dropDownList($templates)->hint('
 						Please select which set of the templates should be used to generated the code.
-				'); ?>
+				') ?>
 				<div class="form-group">
 					<?= Html::submitButton('Preview', ['name' => 'preview', 'class' => 'btn btn-primary']) ?>
 
-					<?php if(isset($files)): ?>
+					<?php if (isset($files)): ?>
 						<?= Html::submitButton('Generate', ['name' => 'generate', 'class' => 'btn btn-success']) ?>
 					<?php endif; ?>
 				</div>
diff --git a/framework/yii/i18n/MessageFormatter.php b/framework/yii/i18n/MessageFormatter.php
index 3c165e6..7abff83 100644
--- a/framework/yii/i18n/MessageFormatter.php
+++ b/framework/yii/i18n/MessageFormatter.php
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class MessageFormatter extends Component
 		$pattern = $parts[0];
 		$d = 0;
 		$stack = [];
-		for($i = 1; $i < $c; $i++) {
+		for ($i = 1; $i < $c; $i++) {
 			if (preg_match('~^(\s*)([\d\w]+)(\s*)([},])(\s*)(.*)$~us', $parts[$i], $matches)) {
 				// if we are not inside a plural or select this is a message
 				if (!isset($stack[$d]) || $stack[$d] != 'plural' && $stack[$d] != 'select') {
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class MessageFormatter extends Component
 			return [$pattern];
 		}
 		$tokens = [mb_substr($pattern, 0, $pos)];
-		while(true) {
+		while (true) {
 			$open = mb_strpos($pattern, '{', $pos + 1);
 			$close = mb_strpos($pattern, '}', $pos + 1);
 			if ($open === false && $close === false) {
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class MessageFormatter extends Component
 				$select = static::tokenizePattern($token[2]);
 				$c = count($select);
 				$message = false;
-				for($i = 0; $i + 1 < $c; $i++) {
+				for ($i = 0; $i + 1 < $c; $i++) {
 					if (is_array($select[$i]) || !is_array($select[$i + 1])) {
 						return false;
 					}
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class MessageFormatter extends Component
 				$c = count($plural);
 				$message = false;
 				$offset = 0;
-				for($i = 0; $i + 1 < $c; $i++) {
+				for ($i = 0; $i + 1 < $c; $i++) {
 					if (is_array($plural[$i]) || !is_array($plural[$i + 1])) {
 						return false;
 					}
diff --git a/framework/yii/redis/Connection.php b/framework/yii/redis/Connection.php
index a5da73e..140f985 100644
--- a/framework/yii/redis/Connection.php
+++ b/framework/yii/redis/Connection.php
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ class Connection extends Component
 
 	private function parseResponse($command)
 	{
-		if(($line = fgets($this->_socket)) === false) {
+		if (($line = fgets($this->_socket)) === false) {
 			throw new Exception("Failed to read from socket.\nRedis command was: " . $command);
 		}
 		$type = $line[0];
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ class Connection extends Component
 				$length = $line + 2;
 				$data = '';
 				while ($length > 0) {
-					if(($block = fread($this->_socket, $line + 2)) === false) {
+					if (($block = fread($this->_socket, $line + 2)) === false) {
 						throw new Exception("Failed to read from socket.\nRedis command was: " . $command);
 					}
 					$data .= $block;
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ class Connection extends Component
 			case '*': // Multi-bulk replies
 				$count = (int) $line;
 				$data = [];
-				for($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+				for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
 					$data[] = $this->parseResponse($command);
 				}
 				return $data;
diff --git a/framework/yii/views/errorHandler/exception.php b/framework/yii/views/errorHandler/exception.php
index beebb29..4b90de9 100644
--- a/framework/yii/views/errorHandler/exception.php
+++ b/framework/yii/views/errorHandler/exception.php
@@ -367,8 +367,8 @@ pre .diff .change{
 		<ul>
 			<?= $handler->renderCallStackItem($exception->getFile(), $exception->getLine(), null, null, 1) ?>
 			<?php for ($i = 0, $trace = $exception->getTrace(), $length = count($trace); $i < $length; ++$i): ?>
-				<?=$handler->renderCallStackItem(@$trace[$i]['file'] ?: null, @$trace[$i]['line'] ?: null,
-					@$trace[$i]['class'] ?: null, @$trace[$i]['function'] ?: null, $i + 2); ?>
+				<?= $handler->renderCallStackItem(@$trace[$i]['file'] ?: null, @$trace[$i]['line'] ?: null,
+					@$trace[$i]['class'] ?: null, @$trace[$i]['function'] ?: null, $i + 2) ?>
 			<?php endfor; ?>
 		</ul>
 	</div>
diff --git a/tests/unit/framework/caching/RedisCacheTest.php b/tests/unit/framework/caching/RedisCacheTest.php
index b9df7a9..b064f78 100644
--- a/tests/unit/framework/caching/RedisCacheTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/framework/caching/RedisCacheTest.php
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ class RedisCacheTest extends CacheTestCase
 			'dataTimeout' => 0.1,
 		];
 		$dsn = $config['hostname'] . ':' .$config['port'];
-		if(!@stream_socket_client($dsn, $errorNumber, $errorDescription, 0.5)) {
+		if (!@stream_socket_client($dsn, $errorNumber, $errorDescription, 0.5)) {
 			$this->markTestSkipped('No redis server running at ' . $dsn .' : ' . $errorNumber . ' - ' . $errorDescription);
 		}
 
-		if($this->_cacheInstance === null) {
+		if ($this->_cacheInstance === null) {
 			$this->_cacheInstance = new RedisCache($config);
 		}
 		return $this->_cacheInstance;
diff --git a/tests/unit/framework/helpers/ConsoleTest.php b/tests/unit/framework/helpers/ConsoleTest.php
index 6775b5a..ce6d3fe 100644
--- a/tests/unit/framework/helpers/ConsoleTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/framework/helpers/ConsoleTest.php
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class ConsoleTest extends TestCase
 
 /*	public function testScreenSize()
 	{
-		for($i = 1; $i < 20; $i++) {
+		for ($i = 1; $i < 20; $i++) {
 			echo implode(', ', Console::getScreenSize(true)) . "\n";
 			ob_flush();
 			sleep(1);
diff --git a/tests/unit/framework/validators/UrlValidatorTest.php b/tests/unit/framework/validators/UrlValidatorTest.php
index 1323434..50baa9c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/framework/validators/UrlValidatorTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/framework/validators/UrlValidatorTest.php
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class UrlValidatorTest extends TestCase
 	
 	public function testValidateWithIdn()
 	{
-		if(!function_exists('idn_to_ascii')) {
+		if (!function_exists('idn_to_ascii')) {
 			$this->markTestSkipped('intl package required');
 			return;
 		}