* @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
* @copyright Copyright © 2008-2012 Yii Software LLC
* @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
*/
/**
* Connection represents a connection to a database.
*
* Connection works together with {@link CDbCommand}, {@link CDbDataReader}
* and {@link CDbTransaction} to provide data access to various DBMS
* in a common set of APIs. They are a thin wrapper of the {@link http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.pdo.php PDO}
* PHP extension.
*
* To establish a connection, set {@link setActive active} to true after
* specifying {@link connectionString}, {@link username} and {@link password}.
*
* The following example shows how to create a Connection instance and establish
* the actual connection:
*
* $connection=new Connection($dsn,$username,$password);
* $connection->active=true;
*
*
* After the DB connection is established, one can execute an SQL statement like the following:
*
* $command=$connection->createCommand($sqlStatement);
* $command->execute(); // a non-query SQL statement execution
* // or execute an SQL query and fetch the result set
* $reader=$command->query();
*
* // each $row is an array representing a row of data
* foreach($reader as $row) ...
*
*
* One can do prepared SQL execution and bind parameters to the prepared SQL:
*
* $command=$connection->createCommand($sqlStatement);
* $command->bindParam($name1,$value1);
* $command->bindParam($name2,$value2);
* $command->execute();
*
*
* To use transaction, do like the following:
*
* $transaction=$connection->beginTransaction();
* try
* {
* $connection->createCommand($sql1)->execute();
* $connection->createCommand($sql2)->execute();
* //.... other SQL executions
* $transaction->commit();
* }
* catch(Exception $e)
* {
* $transaction->rollBack();
* }
*
*
* Connection also provides a set of methods to support setting and querying
* of certain DBMS attributes, such as {@link getNullConversion nullConversion}.
*
* Since Connection implements the interface IApplicationComponent, it can
* be used as an application component and be configured in application configuration,
* like the following,
*
* array(
* 'components'=>array(
* 'db'=>array(
* 'class'=>'Connection',
* 'connectionString'=>'sqlite:path/to/dbfile',
* ),
* ),
* )
*
*
* @author Qiang Xue
* @since 2.0
*/
class Connection extends \yii\base\ApplicationComponent
{
/**
* @var string The Data Source Name, or DSN, contains the information required to connect to the database.
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDO-construct.php
*
* Note that if your database is using GBK or BIG5 charset, we highly recommend you
* to upgrade to PHP 5.3.6+ and specify charset via DSN like the following to prevent
* from hacking: `mysql:dbname=mydatabase;host=127.0.0.1;charset=GBK;`.
*/
public $dsn;
/**
* @var string the username for establishing DB connection. Defaults to empty string.
*/
public $username = '';
/**
* @var string the password for establishing DB connection. Defaults to empty string.
*/
public $password = '';
/**
* @var integer number of seconds that table metadata can remain valid in cache.
* Use 0 or negative value to indicate not caching schema.
* If greater than 0 and the primary cache is enabled, the table metadata will be cached.
* @see schemaCachingExclude
*/
public $schemaCachingDuration = 0;
/**
* @var array list of tables whose metadata should NOT be cached. Defaults to empty array.
* @see schemaCachingDuration
*/
public $schemaCachingExclude = array();
/**
* @var string the ID of the cache application component that is used to cache the table metadata.
* Defaults to 'cache' which refers to the primary cache application component.
* Set this property to false if you want to disable caching table metadata.
* @since 1.0.10
*/
public $schemaCacheID = 'cache';
/**
* @var integer number of seconds that query results can remain valid in cache.
* Use 0 or negative value to indicate not caching query results (the default behavior).
*
* In order to enable query caching, this property must be a positive
* integer and {@link queryCacheID} must point to a valid cache component ID.
*
* The method {@link cache()} is provided as a convenient way of setting this property
* and {@link queryCachingDependency} on the fly.
*
* @see cache
* @see queryCachingDependency
* @see queryCacheID
* @since 1.1.7
*/
public $queryCachingDuration = 0;
/**
* @var CCacheDependency the dependency that will be used when saving query results into cache.
* @see queryCachingDuration
* @since 1.1.7
*/
public $queryCachingDependency;
/**
* @var integer the number of SQL statements that need to be cached next.
* If this is 0, then even if query caching is enabled, no query will be cached.
* Note that each time after executing a SQL statement (whether executed on DB server or fetched from
* query cache), this property will be reduced by 1 until 0.
* @since 1.1.7
*/
public $queryCachingCount = 0;
/**
* @var string the ID of the cache application component that is used for query caching.
* Defaults to 'cache' which refers to the primary cache application component.
* Set this property to false if you want to disable query caching.
* @since 1.1.7
*/
public $queryCacheID = 'cache';
/**
* @var boolean whether the database connection should be automatically established
* the component is being initialized. Defaults to true. Note, this property is only
* effective when the Connection object is used as an application component.
*/
public $autoConnect = true;
/**
* @var string the charset used for database connection. The property is only used
* for MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. Defaults to null, meaning using default charset
* as specified by the database.
*
* Note that if you're using GBK or BIG5 then it's highly recommended to
* update to PHP 5.3.6+ and to specify charset via DSN like
* 'mysql:dbname=mydatabase;host=127.0.0.1;charset=GBK;'.
*/
public $charset;
/**
* @var boolean whether to turn on prepare emulation. Defaults to false, meaning PDO
* will use the native prepare support if available. For some databases (such as MySQL),
* this may need to be set true so that PDO can emulate the prepare support to bypass
* the buggy native prepare support. Note, this property is only effective for PHP 5.1.3 or above.
* The default value is null, which will not change the ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES value of PDO.
*/
public $emulatePrepare;
/**
* @var boolean whether to log the values that are bound to a prepare SQL statement.
* Defaults to false. During development, you may consider setting this property to true
* so that parameter values bound to SQL statements are logged for debugging purpose.
* You should be aware that logging parameter values could be expensive and have significant
* impact on the performance of your application.
* @since 1.0.5
*/
public $enableParamLogging = false;
/**
* @var boolean whether to enable profiling the SQL statements being executed.
* Defaults to false. This should be mainly enabled and used during development
* to find out the bottleneck of SQL executions.
* @since 1.0.6
*/
public $enableProfiling = false;
/**
* @var string the default prefix for table names. Defaults to null, meaning no table prefix.
* By setting this property, any token like '{{tableName}}' in {@link CDbCommand::text} will
* be replaced by 'prefixTableName', where 'prefix' refers to this property value.
* @since 1.1.0
*/
public $tablePrefix;
/**
* @var array list of SQL statements that should be executed right after the DB connection is established.
* @since 1.1.1
*/
public $initSQLs;
/**
* @var array mapping between PDO driver and schema class name.
* A schema class can be specified using path alias.
* @since 1.1.6
*/
public $driverMap = array(
'pgsql' => 'CPgsqlSchema', // PostgreSQL
'mysqli' => 'CMysqlSchema', // MySQL
'mysql' => 'CMysqlSchema', // MySQL
'sqlite' => 'CSqliteSchema', // sqlite 3
'sqlite2' => 'CSqliteSchema', // sqlite 2
'mssql' => 'CMssqlSchema', // Mssql driver on windows hosts
'dblib' => 'CMssqlSchema', // dblib drivers on linux (and maybe others os) hosts
'sqlsrv' => 'CMssqlSchema', // Mssql
'oci' => 'COciSchema', // Oracle driver
);
/**
* @var string Custom PDO wrapper class.
* @since 1.1.8
*/
public $pdoClass = 'PDO';
private $_attributes = array();
private $_active = false;
private $_pdo;
private $_transaction;
private $_schema;
/**
* Constructor.
* Note, the DB connection is not established when this connection
* instance is created. Set {@link setActive active} property to true
* to establish the connection.
* @param string $dsn The Data Source Name, or DSN, contains the information required to connect to the database.
* @param string $username The user name for the DSN string.
* @param string $password The password for the DSN string.
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDO-construct.php
*/
public function __construct($dsn = '', $username = '', $password = '')
{
$this->connectionString = $dsn;
$this->username = $username;
$this->password = $password;
}
/**
* Close the connection when serializing.
* @return array
*/
public function __sleep()
{
$this->close();
return array_keys(get_object_vars($this));
}
/**
* Returns a list of available PDO drivers.
* @return array list of available PDO drivers
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDO-getAvailableDrivers.php
*/
public static function getAvailableDrivers()
{
return PDO::getAvailableDrivers();
}
/**
* Initializes the component.
* This method is required by {@link IApplicationComponent} and is invoked by application
* when the Connection is used as an application component.
* If you override this method, make sure to call the parent implementation
* so that the component can be marked as initialized.
*/
public function init()
{
parent::init();
if ($this->autoConnect)
$this->setActive(true);
}
/**
* Returns whether the DB connection is established.
* @return boolean whether the DB connection is established
*/
public function getActive()
{
return $this->_active;
}
/**
* Open or close the DB connection.
* @param boolean $value whether to open or close DB connection
* @throws CException if connection fails
*/
public function setActive($value)
{
if ($value != $this->_active)
{
if ($value)
$this->open();
else
$this->close();
}
}
/**
* Sets the parameters about query caching.
* This method can be used to enable or disable query caching.
* By setting the $duration parameter to be 0, the query caching will be disabled.
* Otherwise, query results of the new SQL statements executed next will be saved in cache
* and remain valid for the specified duration.
* If the same query is executed again, the result may be fetched from cache directly
* without actually executing the SQL statement.
* @param integer $duration the number of seconds that query results may remain valid in cache.
* If this is 0, the caching will be disabled.
* @param CCacheDependency $dependency the dependency that will be used when saving the query results into cache.
* @param integer $queryCount number of SQL queries that need to be cached after calling this method. Defaults to 1,
* meaning that the next SQL query will be cached.
* @return Connection the connection instance itself.
* @since 1.1.7
*/
public function cache($duration, $dependency = null, $queryCount = 1)
{
$this->queryCachingDuration = $duration;
$this->queryCachingDependency = $dependency;
$this->queryCachingCount = $queryCount;
return $this;
}
/**
* Opens DB connection if it is currently not
* @throws CException if connection fails
*/
protected function open()
{
if ($this->_pdo === null)
{
if (empty($this->connectionString))
throw new CDbException(Yii::t('yii', 'Connection.connectionString cannot be empty.'));
try
{
Yii::trace('Opening DB connection', 'system.db.Connection');
$this->_pdo = $this->createPdoInstance();
$this->initConnection($this->_pdo);
$this->_active = true;
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
if (YII_DEBUG)
{
throw new CDbException(Yii::t('yii', 'Connection failed to open the DB connection: {error}',
array('{error}' => $e->getMessage())), (int)$e->getCode(), $e->errorInfo);
}
else
{
Yii::log($e->getMessage(), CLogger::LEVEL_ERROR, 'exception.CDbException');
throw new CDbException(Yii::t('yii', 'Connection failed to open the DB connection.'), (int)$e->getCode(), $e->errorInfo);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Closes the currently active DB connection.
* It does nothing if the connection is already closed.
*/
protected function close()
{
Yii::trace('Closing DB connection', 'system.db.Connection');
$this->_pdo = null;
$this->_active = false;
$this->_schema = null;
}
/**
* Creates the PDO instance.
* When some functionalities are missing in the pdo driver, we may use
* an adapter class to provides them.
* @return PDO the pdo instance
* @since 1.0.4
*/
protected function createPdoInstance()
{
$pdoClass = $this->pdoClass;
if (($pos = strpos($this->connectionString, ':')) !== false)
{
$driver = strtolower(substr($this->connectionString, 0, $pos));
if ($driver === 'mssql' || $driver === 'dblib' || $driver === 'sqlsrv')
$pdoClass = 'CMssqlPdoAdapter';
}
return new $pdoClass($this->connectionString, $this->username,
$this->password, $this->_attributes);
}
/**
* Initializes the open db connection.
* This method is invoked right after the db connection is established.
* The default implementation is to set the charset for MySQL and PostgreSQL database connections.
* @param PDO $pdo the PDO instance
*/
protected function initConnection($pdo)
{
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
if ($this->emulatePrepare !== null && constant('PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES'))
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES, $this->emulatePrepare);
if ($this->charset !== null)
{
$driver = strtolower($pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME));
if (in_array($driver, array('pgsql', 'mysql', 'mysqli')))
$pdo->exec('SET NAMES ' . $pdo->quote($this->charset));
}
if ($this->initSQLs !== null)
{
foreach ($this->initSQLs as $sql)
$pdo->exec($sql);
}
}
/**
* Returns the PDO instance.
* @return PDO the PDO instance, null if the connection is not established yet
*/
public function getPdoInstance()
{
return $this->_pdo;
}
/**
* Creates a command for execution.
* @param mixed $query the DB query to be executed. This can be either a string representing a SQL statement,
* or an array representing different fragments of a SQL statement. Please refer to {@link CDbCommand::__construct}
* for more details about how to pass an array as the query. If this parameter is not given,
* you will have to call query builder methods of {@link CDbCommand} to build the DB query.
* @return CDbCommand the DB command
*/
public function createCommand($query = null)
{
$this->setActive(true);
return new CDbCommand($this, $query);
}
/**
* Returns the currently active transaction.
* @return CDbTransaction the currently active transaction. Null if no active transaction.
*/
public function getCurrentTransaction()
{
if ($this->_transaction !== null)
{
if ($this->_transaction->getActive())
return $this->_transaction;
}
return null;
}
/**
* Starts a transaction.
* @return CDbTransaction the transaction initiated
*/
public function beginTransaction()
{
Yii::trace('Starting transaction', 'system.db.Connection');
$this->setActive(true);
$this->_pdo->beginTransaction();
return $this->_transaction = new CDbTransaction($this);
}
/**
* Returns the database schema for the current connection
* @return CDbSchema the database schema for the current connection
*/
public function getSchema()
{
if ($this->_schema !== null)
return $this->_schema;
else
{
$driver = $this->getDriverName();
if (isset($this->driverMap[$driver]))
return $this->_schema = Yii::createComponent($this->driverMap[$driver], $this);
else
throw new CDbException(Yii::t('yii', 'Connection does not support reading schema for {driver} database.',
array('{driver}' => $driver)));
}
}
/**
* Returns the SQL command builder for the current DB connection.
* @return CDbCommandBuilder the command builder
* @since 1.0.4
*/
public function getCommandBuilder()
{
return $this->getSchema()->getCommandBuilder();
}
/**
* Returns the ID of the last inserted row or sequence value.
* @param string $sequenceName name of the sequence object (required by some DBMS)
* @return string the row ID of the last row inserted, or the last value retrieved from the sequence object
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDO-lastInsertId.php
*/
public function getLastInsertID($sequenceName = '')
{
$this->setActive(true);
return $this->_pdo->lastInsertId($sequenceName);
}
/**
* Quotes a string value for use in a query.
* @param string $str string to be quoted
* @return string the properly quoted string
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDO-quote.php
*/
public function quoteValue($str)
{
if (is_int($str) || is_float($str))
return $str;
$this->setActive(true);
if (($value = $this->_pdo->quote($str)) !== false)
return $value;
else // the driver doesn't support quote (e.g. oci)
return "'" . addcslashes(str_replace("'", "''", $str), "\000\n\r\\\032") . "'";
}
/**
* Quotes a table name for use in a query.
* If the table name contains schema prefix, the prefix will also be properly quoted.
* @param string $name table name
* @return string the properly quoted table name
*/
public function quoteTableName($name)
{
return $this->getSchema()->quoteTableName($name);
}
/**
* Quotes a column name for use in a query.
* If the column name contains prefix, the prefix will also be properly quoted.
* @param string $name column name
* @return string the properly quoted column name
*/
public function quoteColumnName($name)
{
return $this->getSchema()->quoteColumnName($name);
}
/**
* Determines the PDO type for the specified PHP type.
* @param string $type The PHP type (obtained by gettype() call).
* @return integer the corresponding PDO type
*/
public function getPdoType($type)
{
static $map = array
(
'boolean' => PDO::PARAM_BOOL,
'integer' => PDO::PARAM_INT,
'string' => PDO::PARAM_STR,
'NULL' => PDO::PARAM_NULL,
);
return isset($map[$type]) ? $map[$type] : PDO::PARAM_STR;
}
/**
* Returns the case of the column names
* @return mixed the case of the column names
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.setattribute.php
*/
public function getColumnCase()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CASE);
}
/**
* Sets the case of the column names.
* @param mixed $value the case of the column names
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.setattribute.php
*/
public function setColumnCase($value)
{
$this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CASE, $value);
}
/**
* Returns how the null and empty strings are converted.
* @return mixed how the null and empty strings are converted
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.setattribute.php
*/
public function getNullConversion()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS);
}
/**
* Sets how the null and empty strings are converted.
* @param mixed $value how the null and empty strings are converted
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.setattribute.php
*/
public function setNullConversion($value)
{
$this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS, $value);
}
/**
* Returns whether creating or updating a DB record will be automatically committed.
* Some DBMS (such as sqlite) may not support this feature.
* @return boolean whether creating or updating a DB record will be automatically committed.
*/
public function getAutoCommit()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT);
}
/**
* Sets whether creating or updating a DB record will be automatically committed.
* Some DBMS (such as sqlite) may not support this feature.
* @param boolean $value whether creating or updating a DB record will be automatically committed.
*/
public function setAutoCommit($value)
{
$this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, $value);
}
/**
* Returns whether the connection is persistent or not.
* Some DBMS (such as sqlite) may not support this feature.
* @return boolean whether the connection is persistent or not
*/
public function getPersistent()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT);
}
/**
* Sets whether the connection is persistent or not.
* Some DBMS (such as sqlite) may not support this feature.
* @param boolean $value whether the connection is persistent or not
*/
public function setPersistent($value)
{
return $this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT, $value);
}
/**
* Returns the name of the DB driver
* @return string name of the DB driver
*/
public function getDriverName()
{
if (($pos = strpos($this->connectionString, ':')) !== false)
return strtolower(substr($this->connectionString, 0, $pos));
// return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME);
}
/**
* Returns the version information of the DB driver.
* @return string the version information of the DB driver
*/
public function getClientVersion()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION);
}
/**
* Returns the status of the connection.
* Some DBMS (such as sqlite) may not support this feature.
* @return string the status of the connection
*/
public function getConnectionStatus()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CONNECTION_STATUS);
}
/**
* Returns whether the connection performs data prefetching.
* @return boolean whether the connection performs data prefetching
*/
public function getPrefetch()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_PREFETCH);
}
/**
* Returns the information of DBMS server.
* @return string the information of DBMS server
*/
public function getServerInfo()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_SERVER_INFO);
}
/**
* Returns the version information of DBMS server.
* @return string the version information of DBMS server
*/
public function getServerVersion()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION);
}
/**
* Returns the timeout settings for the connection.
* @return integer timeout settings for the connection
*/
public function getTimeout()
{
return $this->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT);
}
/**
* Obtains a specific DB connection attribute information.
* @param integer $name the attribute to be queried
* @return mixed the corresponding attribute information
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDO-getAttribute.php
*/
public function getAttribute($name)
{
$this->setActive(true);
return $this->_pdo->getAttribute($name);
}
/**
* Sets an attribute on the database connection.
* @param integer $name the attribute to be set
* @param mixed $value the attribute value
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.PDO-setAttribute.php
*/
public function setAttribute($name, $value)
{
if ($this->_pdo instanceof PDO)
$this->_pdo->setAttribute($name, $value);
else
$this->_attributes[$name] = $value;
}
/**
* Returns the attributes that are previously explicitly set for the DB connection.
* @return array attributes (name=>value) that are previously explicitly set for the DB connection.
* @see setAttributes
* @since 1.1.7
*/
public function getAttributes()
{
return $this->_attributes;
}
/**
* Sets a set of attributes on the database connection.
* @param array $values attributes (name=>value) to be set.
* @see setAttribute
* @since 1.1.7
*/
public function setAttributes($values)
{
foreach ($values as $name => $value)
$this->_attributes[$name] = $value;
}
/**
* Returns the statistical results of SQL executions.
* The results returned include the number of SQL statements executed and
* the total time spent.
* In order to use this method, {@link enableProfiling} has to be set true.
* @return array the first element indicates the number of SQL statements executed,
* and the second element the total time spent in SQL execution.
* @since 1.0.6
*/
public function getStats()
{
$logger = Yii::getLogger();
$timings = $logger->getProfilingResults(null, 'system.db.CDbCommand.query');
$count = count($timings);
$time = array_sum($timings);
$timings = $logger->getProfilingResults(null, 'system.db.CDbCommand.execute');
$count += count($timings);
$time += array_sum($timings);
return array($count, $time);
}
}