yii2-swiftmailer/docs/guide/authorization.md

Authorization

Authorization is the process of verifying that user has enough permissions to do something. Yii provides several methods of controlling it.

Access control basics

Basic access control is very simple to implement using \yii\web\AccessControl:

class SiteController extends Controller
{
	public function behaviors()
	{
		return [
			'access' => [
				'class' => \yii\web\AccessControl::className(),
				'only' => ['login', 'logout', 'signup'],
				'rules' => [
					[
						'actions' => ['login', 'signup'],
						'allow' => true,
						'roles' => ['?'],
					],
					[
						'actions' => ['logout'],
						'allow' => true,
						'roles' => ['@'],
					],
				],
			],
		];
	}
	// ...

In the code above we're attaching access control behavior to a controller. Since there's only option specified, it will be applied to 'login', 'logout' and 'signup' actions only. A set of rules that are basically options for \yii\web\AccessRule reads as follows:

• Allow all guest (not yet authenticated) users to access 'login' and 'signup' actions.
• Allow authenticated users to access 'logout' action.

Rules are checked one by one from top to bottom. If rule matches, action takes place immediately. If not, next rule is checked. If no rules matched access is denied.

\yii\web\AccessRule is quite flexible and allows additionally to what was demonstrated checking IPs and request method (i.e. POST, GET). If it's not enough you can specify your own check via anonymous function:

class SiteController extends Controller
{
	public function behaviors()
	{
		return [
			'access' => [
				'class' => \yii\web\AccessControl::className(),
				'only' => ['special'],
				'rules' => [
					[
						'actions' => ['special'],
						'allow' => true,
						'matchCallback' => function ($rule, $action) {
							return date('d-m') === '31-10';
						}
					],

Sometimes you want a custom action to be taken when access is denied. In this case you can specify denyCallback.

Role based access control (RBAC)

Role based access control is very flexible approach to controlling access that is a perfect match for complex systems where permissions are customizable.

In order to start using it some extra steps are required. First of all we need to configure authManager application component in application config file (web.php or main.php depending on template you've used):

'authManager' => [
    'class' => 'app\components\PhpManager',
    'defaultRoles' => ['guest'],
],

Often use role is stored in the same database table as other user data. In this case we may defined it by creating our own component (app/components/PhpManager.php):

<?php
namespace app\components;

use Yii;

class PhpManager extends \yii\rbac\PhpManager
{
    public function init()
    {
        parent::init();
        if (!Yii::$app->user->isGuest) {
            // we suppose that user's role is stored in identity
            $this->assign(Yii::$app->user->identity->id, Yii::$app->user->identity->role);
        }
    }
}

Then create permissions hierarchy in @app/data/rbac.php:

<?php
use yii\rbac\Item;

return [
    // HERE ARE YOUR MANAGEMENT TASKS
    'manageThing0' => ['type' => Item::TYPE_OPERATION, 'description' => '...', 'bizRule' => NULL, 'data' => NULL],
    'manageThing1' => ['type' => Item::TYPE_OPERATION, 'description' => '...', 'bizRule' => NULL, 'data' => NULL],
    'manageThing2' => ['type' => Item::TYPE_OPERATION, 'description' => '...', 'bizRule' => NULL, 'data' => NULL],
    'manageThing2' => ['type' => Item::TYPE_OPERATION, 'description' => '...', 'bizRule' => NULL, 'data' => NULL],

    // AND THE ROLES
    'guest' => [
        'type' => Item::TYPE_ROLE,
        'description' => 'Guest',
        'bizRule' => NULL,
        'data' => NULL
    ],

    'user' => [
        'type' => Item::TYPE_ROLE,
        'description' => 'User',
        'children' => [
            'guest',
            'manageThing0', // User can edit thing0
        ],
        'bizRule' => 'return !Yii::$app->user->isGuest;',
        'data' => NULL
    ],

    'moderator' => [
        'type' => Item::TYPE_ROLE,
        'description' => 'Moderator',
        'children' => [
            'user',         // Can manage all that user can
            'manageThing1', // and also thing1
        ],
        'bizRule' => NULL,
        'data' => NULL
    ],

    'admin' => [
        'type' => Item::TYPE_ROLE,
        'description' => 'Admin',
        'children' => [
            'moderator',    // can do all the stuff that moderator can
            'manageThing2', // and also manage thing2
        ],
        'bizRule' => NULL,
        'data' => NULL
    ],

    'godmode' => [
        'type' => Item::TYPE_ROLE,
        'description' => 'Super admin',
        'children' => [
            'admin',        // can do all that admin can
            'manageThing3', // and also thing3
        ],
        'bizRule' => NULL,
        'data' => NULL
    ],

];

Now you can specify roles from RBAC in controller's access control configuration:

public function behaviors()
{
    return [
        'access' => [
            'class' => 'yii\web\AccessControl',
            'except' => ['something'],
            'rules' => [
                [
                    'allow' => true,
                    'roles' => ['manageThing1'],
                ],
            ],
        ],
    ];
}

Another way is to call User::checkAccess() where appropriate.

How it works

TBD: write about how it works with pictures :)

Avoiding too much RBAC

In order to keep auth hierarchy simple and efficient you should avoid creating and using too much nodes. Most of the time simple checks could be used instead. For example such code that uses RBAC:

public function editArticle($id)
{
  $article = Article::find($id);
  if (!$article) {
    throw new HttpException(404);
  }
  if (!\Yii::$app->user->checkAccess('edit_article', ['article' => $article])) {
    throw new HttpException(403);
  }
  // ...
}

can be replaced with simpler code that doesn't use RBAC:

public function editArticle($id)
{
    $article = Article::find(['id' => $id, 'author_id' => \Yii::$app->user->id]);
    if (!$article) {
      throw new HttpException(404);
    }
    // ...
}