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add AR bak 到 612 行

tags/2.0.16
lizhenju 7 years ago
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  1. 258
      docs/guide-zh-CN/db-active-record-bak.md

258
docs/guide-zh-CN/db-active-record-bak.md
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@ -359,14 +359,14 @@ $customer->email = 'james@newexample.com';
$customer->save();
```
The [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] method can either insert or update a row of data, depending on the state
of the Active Record instance. If the instance is newly created via the `new` operator, calling
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] will cause insertion of a new row; If the instance is the result of a query method,
calling [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] will update the row associated with the instance.
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] 方法可能插入或者更新表的记录，这取决于 AR 实例的状态。
如果实例通过 `new` 操作符实例化，调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] 方法将插入新记录；
如果实例是一个查询方法的结果，调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] 方法
将更新这个实例对应的表记录行。
You can differentiate the two states of an Active Record instance by checking its
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::isNewRecord|isNewRecord]] property value. This property is also used by
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] internally as follows:
你可以通过检查 AR 实例的 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::isNewRecord|isNewRecord]] 属性值来区分这两个状态。
此属性也被使用在 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] 方法内部，
代码如下：
```php
public function save($runValidation = true, $attributeNames = null)
@ -379,29 +379,29 @@ public function save($runValidation = true, $attributeNames = null)
}
```
> Tip: You can call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::insert()|insert()]] or [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::update()|update()]]
directly to insert or update a row.
> 提示：你可以直接调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::insert()|insert()]] 或者 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::update()|update()]]
方法来插入或更新一条记录。
### Data Validation <span id="data-validation"></span>
### 数据验证 <span id="data-validation"></span>
Because [[yii\db\ActiveRecord]] extends from [[yii\base\Model]], it shares the same [data validation](input-validation.md) feature.
You can declare validation rules by overriding the [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::rules()|rules()]] method and perform
data validation by calling the [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::validate()|validate()]] method.
When you call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]], by default it will call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::validate()|validate()]]
automatically. Only when the validation passes, will it actually save the data; otherwise it will simply return `false`,
and you can check the [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::errors|errors]] property to retrieve the validation error messages.
因为 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord]] 继承于 [[yii\base\Model]]，它共享相同的 [输入验证](input-validation.md) 功能。
你可以通过重写 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::rules()|rules()]] 方法声明验证规则并执行，
通过调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::validate()|validate()]] 方法进行数据验证。
当你调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] 时，默认情况下会自动调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::validate()|validate()]]。
只有当验证通过时，它才会真正地保存数据; 否则将简单地返回`false`，
您可以检查 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::errors|errors]] 属性来获取验证过程的错误消息。
> Tip: If you are certain that your data do not need validation (e.g., the data comes from trustable sources),
you can call `save(false)` to skip the validation.
> 提示：如果你确定你的数据不需要验证（比如说数据来自可信的场景），
你可以调用 `save(false)` 来跳过验证过程。
### Massive Assignment <span id="massive-assignment"></span>
### 块赋值 <span id="massive-assignment"></span>
Like normal [models](structure-models.md), Active Record instances also enjoy the [massive assignment feature](structure-models.md#massive-assignment).
Using this feature, you can assign values to multiple attributes of an Active Record instance in a single PHP statement,
like shown below. Do remember that only [safe attributes](structure-models.md#safe-attributes) can be massively assigned, though.
和普通的 [models](structure-models.md) 一样，你亦可以享受 AR 实例的 [块赋值](structure-models.md#massive-assignment) 特性。
使用此功能，您可以在单个 PHP 语句中，给 AR 实例的多个属性批量赋值，
如下所示。 记住，只有 [安全属性](structure-models.md#safe-attributes) 才可以批量赋值。
```php
$values = [
@ -416,11 +416,11 @@ $customer->save();
```
### Updating Counters <span id="updating-counters"></span>
### 更新计数 <span id="updating-counters"></span>
It is a common task to increment or decrement a column in a database table. We call these columns "counter columns".
You can use [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateCounters()|updateCounters()]] to update one or multiple counter columns.
For example,
在数据库表中增加或减少一个字段的值是个常见的任务。我们将这些列称为“计数列”。
您可以使用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateCounters()|updateCounters()]] 更新一个或多个计数列。
例如，
```php
$post = Post::findOne(100);
@ -429,82 +429,82 @@ $post = Post::findOne(100);
$post->updateCounters(['view_count' => 1]);
```
> Note: If you use [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()]] to update a counter column, you may end up with inaccurate result,
because it is likely the same counter is being saved by multiple requests which read and write the same counter value.
> 注：如果你使用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()]] 更新一个计数列，你最终将得到错误的结果，
因为可能发生这种情况，多个请求间并发读写同一个计数列。
### Dirty Attributes <span id="dirty-attributes"></span>
### 脏属性 <span id="dirty-attributes"></span>
When you call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] to save an Active Record instance, only *dirty attributes*
are being saved. An attribute is considered *dirty* if its value has been modified since it was loaded from DB or
saved to DB most recently. Note that data validation will be performed regardless if the Active Record
instance has dirty attributes or not.
当您调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] 保存 AR 实例时，只有 *脏属性*
被保存。如果一个属性的值已被修改，则会被认为是 *脏*，因为它是从 DB 加载出来的或者
刚刚保存到 DB 。请注意，无论如何 AR 都会执行数据验证
不管有没有脏属性。
Active Record automatically maintains the list of dirty attributes. It does so by maintaining an older version of
the attribute values and comparing them with the latest one. You can call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::getDirtyAttributes()]]
to get the attributes that are currently dirty. You can also call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::markAttributeDirty()]]
to explicitly mark an attribute as dirty.
AR 自动维护脏属性列表。 它保存所有属性的旧值，
并其与最新的属性值进行比较，就是酱紫个道理。你可以调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::getDirtyAttributes()]]
获取当前的脏属性。你也可以调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::getDirtyAttributes()]]
将属性显式标记为脏。
If you are interested in the attribute values prior to their most recent modification, you may call
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::getOldAttributes()|getOldAttributes()]] or [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::getOldAttribute()|getOldAttribute()]].
如果你有需要获取属性原先的值，你可以调用
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::getOldAttributes()|getOldAttributes()]] 或者 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::getOldAttribute()|getOldAttribute()]].
> Note: The comparison of old and new values will be done using the `===` operator so a value will be considered dirty
> even if it has the same value but a different type. This is often the case when the model receives user input from
> HTML forms where every value is represented as a string.
> To ensure the correct type for e.g. integer values you may apply a [validation filter](input-validation.md#data-filtering):
> `['attributeName', 'filter', 'filter' => 'intval']`. This works with all the typecasting functions of PHP like
> [intval()](http://php.net/manual/en/function.intval.php), [floatval()](http://php.net/manual/en/function.floatval.php),
> [boolval](http://php.net/manual/en/function.boolval.php), etc...
> 注：属性新旧值的比较是用 `===` 操作符，所以一样的值但类型不同，
> 依然被认为是脏的。当模型从 HTML 表单接收用户输入时，通常会出现这种情况，
> 其中每个值都表示为一个字符串类型。
> 为了确保正确的类型，比如，整型需要用 [过滤验证器](input-validation.md#data-filtering)：
> `['attributeName', 'filter', 'filter' => 'intval']`。其他 PHP 类型转换函数一样适用，像
> [intval()](http://php.net/manual/en/function.intval.php)， [floatval()](http://php.net/manual/en/function.floatval.php)，
> [boolval](http://php.net/manual/en/function.boolval.php)， 等等
### Default Attribute Values <span id="default-attribute-values"></span>
### 默认属性值 <span id="default-attribute-values"></span>
Some of your table columns may have default values defined in the database. Sometimes, you may want to pre-populate your
Web form for an Active Record instance with these default values. To avoid writing the same default values again,
you can call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::loadDefaultValues()|loadDefaultValues()]] to populate the DB-defined default values
into the corresponding Active Record attributes:
某些表列可能在数据库中定义了默认值。有时，你可能想预先填充
具有这些默认值的 AR 实例的 Web 表单。 为了避免再次写入相同的默认值，
您可以调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::loadDefaultValues()|loadDefaultValues()]] 来填充 DB 定义的默认值
进入相应的 AR 属性：
```php
$customer = new Customer();
$customer->loadDefaultValues();
// $customer->xyz will be assigned the default value declared when defining the "xyz" column
// $customer->xyz 将被 “zyz” 列定义的默认值赋值
```
### Attributes Typecasting <span id="attributes-typecasting"></span>
### 属性类型转换 <span id="attributes-typecasting"></span>
Being populated by query results [[yii\db\ActiveRecord]] performs automatic typecast for its attribute values, using
information from [database table schema](db-dao.md#database-schema). This allows data retrieved from table column
declared as integer to be populated in ActiveRecord instance with PHP integer, boolean with boolean and so on.
However, typecasting mechanism has several limitations:
在查询结果填充 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord]] 活动记录时，将自动对其属性值执行类型转换，基于
[数据库表模式](db-dao.md#database-schema) 中的信息。 这允许从数据表中获取数据，
声明为整型的，使用 PHP 整型填充 AR 实例，布尔值（boolean）的也用布尔值填充 AR 实例，等等。
但是，类型转换机制有几个限制：
* Float values are not be converted and will be represented as strings, otherwise they may loose precision.
* Conversion of the integer values depends on the integer capacity of the operation system you use. In particular:
values of column declared as 'unsigned integer' or 'big integer' will be converted to PHP integer only at 64-bit
operation system, while on 32-bit ones - they will be represented as strings.
* 浮点值不被转换，并且将被表示为字符串，否则它们可能会使精度降低。
* 整型值的转换取决于您使用的操作系统的整数容量。尤其是：
声明为“无符号整型”或“大整型”的列的值将仅转换为 64 位操作系统的 PHP 整型，
而在 32 位操作系统中 - 它们将被表示为字符串。
Note that attribute typecast is performed only during populating ActiveRecord instance from query result. There is no
automatic conversion for the values loaded from HTTP request or set directly via property access.
The table schema will also be used while preparing SQL statements for the ActiveRecord data saving, ensuring
values are bound to the query with correct type. However, ActiveRecord instance attribute values will not be
converted during saving process.
值得注意的是，只有在从查询结果填充 ActiveRecord 实例时才执行属性类型转换。
而从 HTTP 请求加载的值或直接通过属性访问赋值的，没有自动转换。
在准备用于在 ActiveRecord 保存时，准备 SQL 语句还使用了表模式，以确保查询时
值绑定到具有正确类型的。但是，ActiveRecord 实例的属性值不会
在保存过程中转换。
> Tip: you may use [[yii\behaviors\AttributeTypecastBehavior]] to facilitate attribute values typecasting
on ActiveRecord validation or saving.
> 提示： 你可以使用 [[yii\behaviors\AttributeTypecastBehavior]] 来简化属性的类型转换
在 ActiveRecord 验证或者保存过程中。
### Updating Multiple Rows <span id="updating-multiple-rows"></span>
The methods described above all work on individual Active Record instances, causing inserting or updating of individual
table rows. To update multiple rows simultaneously, you should call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateAll()|updateAll()]], instead,
which is a static method.
上述方法都可以用于单个 AR 实例，以插入或更新单条
表数据行。 要同时更新多个数据行，你应该调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateAll()|updateAll()]]
这是一个静态方法。
```php
// UPDATE `customer` SET `status` = 1 WHERE `email` LIKE `%@example.com%`
Customer::updateAll(['status' => Customer::STATUS_ACTIVE], ['like', 'email', '@example.com']);
```
Similarly, you can call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateAllCounters()|updateAllCounters()]] to update counter columns of
multiple rows at the same time.
同样, 你可以调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateAllCounters()|updateAllCounters()]] 同时更新多条记录的计数列。
```php
// UPDATE `customer` SET `age` = `age` + 1
@ -512,102 +512,104 @@ Customer::updateAllCounters(['age' => 1]);
```
## Deleting Data <span id="deleting-data"></span>
## 删除数据 <span id="deleting-data"></span>
To delete a single row of data, first retrieve the Active Record instance corresponding to that row and then call
the [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::delete()]] method.
要删除单行数据，首先获取与该行对应的 AR 实例，然后调用
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::delete()]] 方法。
```php
$customer = Customer::findOne(123);
$customer->delete();
```
You can call [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::deleteAll()]] to delete multiple or all rows of data. For example,
你可以调用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::deleteAll()]] 方法删除多行甚至全部的数据。例如，
```php
Customer::deleteAll(['status' => Customer::STATUS_INACTIVE]);
```
> Note: Be very careful when calling [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::deleteAll()|deleteAll()]] because it may totally
erase all data from your table if you make a mistake in specifying the condition.
> 提示：不要随意使用 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::deleteAll()|deleteAll()]] 它真的会
清空你表里的数据，因为你指不定啥时候犯二。
## Active Record Life Cycles <span id="ar-life-cycles"></span>
## AR 的生命周期 <span id="ar-life-cycles"></span>
It is important to understand the life cycles of Active Record when it is used for different purposes.
During each life cycle, a certain sequence of methods will be invoked, and you can override these methods
to get a chance to customize the life cycle. You can also respond to certain Active Record events triggered
during a life cycle to inject your custom code. These events are especially useful when you are developing
Active Record [behaviors](concept-behaviors.md) which need to customize Active Record life cycles.
当你实现各种功能的时候，会发现了解 AR 的生命周期很重要。
在每个生命周期中，一系列的方法将被调用执行，您可以重写这些方法
以定制你要的生命周期。您还可以响应触发某些 AR 事件
以便在生命周期中注入您的自定义代码。这些事件在开发 AR 的 [行为](concept-behaviors.md)时特别有用，
通过行为可以定制 AR 生命周期的 。
In the following, we will summarize the various Active Record life cycles and the methods/events that are involved
in the life cycles.
下面，我们将总结各种 AR 的生命周期，以及生命周期中
所涉及的各种方法、事件。
### New Instance Life Cycle <span id="new-instance-life-cycle"></span>
### 实例化生命周期 <span id="new-instance-life-cycle"></span>
When creating a new Active Record instance via the `new` operator, the following life cycle will happen:
当通过 `new` 操作符新建一个 AR 实例时，会发生以下生命周期：
1. Class constructor.
2. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::init()|init()]]: triggers an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_INIT|EVENT_INIT]] event.
1. 类的构造函数调用.
2. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::init()|init()]]：触发 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_INIT|EVENT_INIT]] 事件。
### Querying Data Life Cycle <span id="querying-data-life-cycle"></span>
### 查询数据生命周期 <span id="querying-data-life-cycle"></span>
When querying data through one of the [querying methods](#querying-data), each newly populated Active Record will
undergo the following life cycle:
当通过 [查询方法](#querying-data) 查询数据时，每个新填充出来的 AR 实例
将发生下面的生命周期：
1. Class constructor.
2. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::init()|init()]]: triggers an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_INIT|EVENT_INIT]] event.
3. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterFind()|afterFind()]]: triggers an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_FIND|EVENT_AFTER_FIND]] event.
1. 类的构造函数调用.
2. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::init()|init()]]：触发 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_INIT|EVENT_INIT]] 事件。
3. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterFind()|afterFind()]]：触发 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_FIND|EVENT_AFTER_FIND]] 事件。
### Saving Data Life Cycle <span id="saving-data-life-cycle"></span>
### 保存数据生命周期 <span id="saving-data-life-cycle"></span>
When calling [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] to insert or update an Active Record instance, the following
life cycle will happen:
1. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeValidate()|beforeValidate()]]: triggers
an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_VALIDATE|EVENT_BEFORE_VALIDATE]] event. If the method returns `false`
or [[yii\base\ModelEvent::isValid]] is `false`, the rest of the steps will be skipped.
2. Performs data validation. If data validation fails, the steps after Step 3 will be skipped.
3. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterValidate()|afterValidate()]]: triggers
an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_VALIDATE|EVENT_AFTER_VALIDATE]] event.
4. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeSave()|beforeSave()]]: triggers
an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_INSERT|EVENT_BEFORE_INSERT]]
or [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_UPDATE|EVENT_BEFORE_UPDATE]] event. If the method returns `false`
or [[yii\base\ModelEvent::isValid]] is `false`, the rest of the steps will be skipped.
5. Performs the actual data insertion or updating.
6. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterSave()|afterSave()]]: triggers
an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_INSERT|EVENT_AFTER_INSERT]]
or [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_UPDATE|EVENT_AFTER_UPDATE]] event.
当通过 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::save()|save()]] 插入或更新 AR 实例时
会发生以下生命周期：
1. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeValidate()|beforeValidate()]]：触发
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_VALIDATE|EVENT_BEFORE_VALIDATE]] 事件。如果这方法返回 `false`
或者 [[yii\base\ModelEvent::isValid]] 值为 `false`，接下来的步骤都会被跳过。
2. 执行数据验证。如果数据验证失败，步骤 3 之后的步骤将被跳过。
3. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterValidate()|afterValidate()]]：触发
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_VALIDATE|EVENT_AFTER_VALIDATE]] 事件。
4. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeSave()|beforeSave()]]：触发
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_INSERT|EVENT_BEFORE_INSERT]]
或者 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_UPDATE|EVENT_BEFORE_UPDATE]] 事件。 如果这方法返回 `false`
或者 [[yii\base\ModelEvent::isValid]] 值为 `false`，接下来的步骤都会被跳过。
5. 执行真正的数据插入或者更新。
6. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterSave()|afterSave()]]：触发
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_INSERT|EVENT_AFTER_INSERT]]
或者 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_UPDATE|EVENT_AFTER_UPDATE]] 事件。
### Deleting Data Life Cycle <span id="deleting-data-life-cycle"></span>
### 删除数据生命周期 <span id="deleting-data-life-cycle"></span>
When calling [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::delete()|delete()]] to delete an Active Record instance, the following
life cycle will happen:
当通过 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::delete()|delete()]] 删除 AR 实例时，
会发生以下生命周期：
1. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeDelete()|beforeDelete()]]: triggers
an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_DELETE|EVENT_BEFORE_DELETE]] event. If the method returns `false`
or [[yii\base\ModelEvent::isValid]] is `false`, the rest of the steps will be skipped.
2. Performs the actual data deletion.
3. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterDelete()|afterDelete()]]: triggers
an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_DELETE|EVENT_AFTER_DELETE]] event.
1. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeDelete()|beforeDelete()]]：触发
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_DELETE|EVENT_BEFORE_DELETE]] 事件。 如果这方法返回 `false`
或者 [[yii\base\ModelEvent::isValid]] 值为 `false`，接下来的步骤都会被跳过。
2. 执行真正的数据删除。
3. [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterDelete()|afterDelete()]]：触发
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_DELETE|EVENT_AFTER_DELETE]] 事件。
> Note: Calling any of the following methods will NOT initiate any of the above life cycles because they work on the
> database directly and not on a record basis:
> 提示：调用以下方法则不会启动上述的任何生命周期，
> 因为这些方法直接操作数据库，而不是基于 AR 模型：
>
> - [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateAll()]]
> - [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::deleteAll()]]
> - [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateCounters()]]
> - [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::updateAllCounters()]]
### Refreshing Data Life Cycle <span id="refreshing-data-life-cycle"></span>
### 刷新数据生命周期 <span id="refreshing-data-life-cycle"></span>
When calling [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::refresh()|refresh()]] to refresh an Active Record instance, the
[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_REFRESH|EVENT_AFTER_REFRESH]] event is triggered if refresh is successful and the method returns `true`.
当通过 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::refresh()|refresh()]] 刷新 AR 实例时，
如刷新成功方法返回 `true`，那么 [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_REFRESH|EVENT_AFTER_REFRESH]] 事件将被触发。
## Working with Transactions <span id="transactional-operations"></span>

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