diff --git a/tests/unit/extensions/elasticsearch/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/unit/extensions/elasticsearch/ActiveRecordTest.php
index 10faf79..27447a7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/extensions/elasticsearch/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/extensions/elasticsearch/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -20,26 +20,6 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
 {
     use ActiveRecordTestTrait;
 
-    public function callCustomerFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Customer::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callOrderFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Order::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callOrderItemFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return OrderItem::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callItemFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Item::find($q);
-    }
-
     public function getCustomerClass()
     {
         return Customer::className();
@@ -164,7 +144,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
     public function testFindAsArray()
     {
         // asArray
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 2])->asArray()->one();
+        $customer = Customer::find()->where(['id' => 2])->asArray()->one();
         $this->assertEquals([
             'id' => 2,
             'email' => 'user2@example.com',
@@ -177,7 +157,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
 
     public function testSearch()
     {
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->search()['hits'];
+        $customers = Customer::find()->search()['hits'];
         $this->assertEquals(3, $customers['total']);
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers['hits']));
         $this->assertTrue($customers['hits'][0] instanceof Customer);
@@ -185,12 +165,12 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
         $this->assertTrue($customers['hits'][2] instanceof Customer);
 
         // limit vs. totalcount
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->limit(2)->search()['hits'];
+        $customers = Customer::find()->limit(2)->search()['hits'];
         $this->assertEquals(3, $customers['total']);
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customers['hits']));
 
         // asArray
-        $result = $this->callCustomerFind()->asArray()->search()['hits'];
+        $result = Customer::find()->asArray()->search()['hits'];
         $this->assertEquals(3, $result['total']);
         $customers = $result['hits'];
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
@@ -213,7 +193,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
         // TODO test asArray() + fields() + indexBy()
 
         // find by attributes
-        $result = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['name' => 'user2'])->search()['hits'];
+        $result = Customer::find()->where(['name' => 'user2'])->search()['hits'];
         $customer = reset($result['hits']);
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof Customer);
         $this->assertEquals(2, $customer->id);
@@ -223,7 +203,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
 
     public function testSearchFacets()
     {
-        $result = $this->callCustomerFind()->addStatisticalFacet('status_stats', ['field' => 'status'])->search();
+        $result = Customer::find()->addStatisticalFacet('status_stats', ['field' => 'status'])->search();
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('facets', $result);
         $this->assertEquals(3, $result['facets']['status_stats']['count']);
         $this->assertEquals(4, $result['facets']['status_stats']['total']); // sum of values
@@ -400,10 +380,10 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
         $customer->save(false);
         $this->afterSave();
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['status' => true])->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->where(['status' => true])->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['status' => false])->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->where(['status' => false])->all();
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customers));
     }
 
@@ -411,7 +391,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
     {
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // indexBy + asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->asArray()->fields(['id', 'name'])->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->asArray()->fields(['id', 'name'])->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('id', $customers[0]);
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('name', $customers[0]);
@@ -435,7 +415,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // indexBy + asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy('name')->fields('id', 'name')->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->indexBy('name')->fields('id', 'name')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user1'] instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user2'] instanceof $customerClass);
@@ -457,7 +437,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
         $this->assertNull($customers['user3']->status);
 
         // indexBy callable + asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
+        $customers = Customer::find()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
             return $customer->id . '-' . $customer->name;
         })->fields('id', 'name')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
@@ -485,7 +465,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
     {
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // indexBy + asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy('name')->asArray()->fields('id', 'name')->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->indexBy('name')->asArray()->fields('id', 'name')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('id', $customers['user1']);
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('name', $customers['user1']);
@@ -504,7 +484,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends ElasticSearchTestCase
         $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('status', $customers['user3']);
 
         // indexBy callable + asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
+        $customers = Customer::find()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
             return $customer['id'] . '-' . $customer['name'];
         })->asArray()->fields('id', 'name')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
diff --git a/tests/unit/extensions/redis/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/unit/extensions/redis/ActiveRecordTest.php
index c700b61..13a4348 100644
--- a/tests/unit/extensions/redis/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/extensions/redis/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -16,26 +16,6 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends RedisTestCase
 {
     use ActiveRecordTestTrait;
 
-    public function callCustomerFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Customer::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callOrderFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Order::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callOrderItemFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return OrderItem::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callItemFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Item::find($q);
-    }
-
     public function getCustomerClass()
     {
         return Customer::className();
@@ -142,7 +122,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends RedisTestCase
         $this->markTestSkipped('Redis does not support orderBy.');
     }
 
-    public function testSatisticalFind()
+    public function testStatisticalFind()
     {
         // find count, sum, average, min, max, scalar
         $this->assertEquals(3, Customer::find()->count());
@@ -155,19 +135,19 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends RedisTestCase
         $this->assertEquals(7, OrderItem::find()->sum('quantity'));
     }
 
-    public function testfindIndexBy()
+    public function testFindIndexBy()
     {
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // indexBy
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy('name')/*->orderBy('id')*/->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->indexBy('name')/*->orderBy('id')*/->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user1'] instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user2'] instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user3'] instanceof $customerClass);
 
         // indexBy callable
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
+        $customers = Customer::find()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
             return $customer->id . '-' . $customer->name;
         })/*->orderBy('id')*/->all(); // TODO this test is duplicated because of missing orderBy support in redis
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
@@ -181,50 +161,53 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends RedisTestCase
         // TODO this test is duplicated because of missing orderBy support in redis
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // all()
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(1)->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(1)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customers[0]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(1)->offset(1)->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(1)->offset(1)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customers[0]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(1)->offset(2)->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(1)->offset(2)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customers[0]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(2)->offset(1)->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->limit(2)->offset(1)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customers[0]->name);
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customers[1]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->limit(2)->offset(3)->all();
+        $customers = Customer::find()->limit(2)->offset(3)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(0, count($customers));
 
         // one()
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->one();
+        $customer = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->offset(0)->one();
+        $customer = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->offset(0)->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->offset(1)->one();
+        $customer = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->offset(1)->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()/*->orderBy('id')*/->offset(2)->one();
+        $customer = Customer::find()/*->orderBy('id')*/->offset(2)->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->offset(3)->one();
+        $customer = Customer::find()->offset(3)->one();
         $this->assertNull($customer);
     }
 
     public function testFindEagerViaRelation()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $orders = $this->callOrderFind()->with('items')/*->orderBy('id')*/->all(); // TODO this test is duplicated because of missing orderBy support in redis
+        $orders = $orderClass::find()->with('items')/*->orderBy('id')*/->all(); // TODO this test is duplicated because of missing orderBy support in redis
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($orders));
         $order = $orders[0];
         $this->assertEquals(1, $order->id);
diff --git a/tests/unit/framework/ar/ActiveRecordTestTrait.php b/tests/unit/framework/ar/ActiveRecordTestTrait.php
index 0df45a4..69bb864 100644
--- a/tests/unit/framework/ar/ActiveRecordTestTrait.php
+++ b/tests/unit/framework/ar/ActiveRecordTestTrait.php
@@ -15,41 +15,13 @@ use yiiunit\data\ar\Customer;
 use yiiunit\data\ar\Order;
 
 /**
- * This trait provides unit tests shared by the differen AR implementations
+ * This trait provides unit tests shared by the different AR implementations
  *
  * @var TestCase $this
  */
 trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 {
     /**
-     * This method should call Customer::find($q)
-     * @param $q
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    abstract public function callCustomerFind($q = null);
-
-    /**
-     * This method should call Order::find($q)
-     * @param $q
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    abstract public function callOrderFind($q = null);
-
-    /**
-     * This method should call OrderItem::find($q)
-     * @param $q
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    abstract public function callOrderItemFind($q = null);
-
-    /**
-     * This method should call Item::find($q)
-     * @param $q
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    abstract public function callItemFind($q = null);
-
-    /**
      * This method should return the classname of Customer class
      * @return string
      */
@@ -82,23 +54,24 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testFind()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // find one
-        $result = $this->callCustomerFind();
+        $result = $customerClass::find();
         $this->assertTrue($result instanceof ActiveQueryInterface);
         $customer = $result->one();
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof $customerClass);
 
         // find all
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertTrue($customers[0] instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertTrue($customers[1] instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertTrue($customers[2] instanceof $customerClass);
 
         // find all asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->asArray()->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->asArray()->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('id', $customers[0]);
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('name', $customers[0]);
@@ -117,41 +90,44 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('status', $customers[2]);
 
         // find by a single primary key
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customer->name);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(5);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(5);
         $this->assertNull($customer);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(['id' => [5, 6, 1]]);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(['id' => [5, 6, 1]]);
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customer));
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [5, 6, 1]])->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [5, 6, 1]])->one();
         $this->assertNotNull($customer);
 
         // find by column values
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(['id' => 2, 'name' => 'user2']);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(['id' => 2, 'name' => 'user2']);
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customer->name);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(['id' => 2, 'name' => 'user1']);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(['id' => 2, 'name' => 'user1']);
         $this->assertNull($customer);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(['id' => 5]);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(['id' => 5]);
         $this->assertNull($customer);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(['name' => 'user5']);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(['name' => 'user5']);
         $this->assertNull($customer);
 
         // find by attributes
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['name' => 'user2'])->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['name' => 'user2'])->one();
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertEquals(2, $customer->id);
 
         // scope
-        $this->assertEquals(2, count($this->callCustomerFind()->active()->all()));
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->active()->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, count($customerClass::find()->active()->all()));
+        $this->assertEquals(2, $customerClass::find()->active()->count());
     }
 
     public function testFindAsArray()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         // asArray
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 2])->asArray()->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 2])->asArray()->one();
         $this->assertEquals([
             'id' => 2,
             'email' => 'user2@example.com',
@@ -164,38 +140,45 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testFindScalar()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // query scalar
-        $customerName = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 2])->scalar('name');
+        $customerName = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 2])->scalar('name');
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customerName);
-        $customerName = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['status' => 2])->scalar('name');
+        $customerName = $customerClass::find()->where(['status' => 2])->scalar('name');
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customerName);
-        $customerName = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['status' => 2])->scalar('noname');
+        $customerName = $customerClass::find()->where(['status' => 2])->scalar('noname');
         $this->assertNull($customerName);
-        $customerId = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['status' => 2])->scalar('id');
+        $customerId = $customerClass::find()->where(['status' => 2])->scalar('id');
         $this->assertEquals(3, $customerId);
     }
 
     public function testFindColumn()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $this->assertEquals(['user1', 'user2', 'user3'], $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy(['name' => SORT_ASC])->column('name'));
-        $this->assertEquals(['user3', 'user2', 'user1'], $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy(['name' => SORT_DESC])->column('name'));
+        $this->assertEquals(['user1', 'user2', 'user3'], $customerClass::find()->orderBy(['name' => SORT_ASC])->column('name'));
+        $this->assertEquals(['user3', 'user2', 'user1'], $customerClass::find()->orderBy(['name' => SORT_DESC])->column('name'));
     }
 
     public function testFindIndexBy()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // indexBy
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy('name')->orderBy('id')->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->indexBy('name')->orderBy('id')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user1'] instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user2'] instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertTrue($customers['user3'] instanceof $customerClass);
 
         // indexBy callable
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
             return $customer->id . '-' . $customer->name;
         })->orderBy('id')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
@@ -206,9 +189,12 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testFindIndexByAsArray()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // indexBy + asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->asArray()->indexBy('name')->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->asArray()->indexBy('name')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('id', $customers['user1']);
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('name', $customers['user1']);
@@ -227,7 +213,7 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $this->assertArrayHasKey('status', $customers['user3']);
 
         // indexBy callable + asArray
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->indexBy(function ($customer) {
             return $customer['id'] . '-' . $customer['name'];
         })->asArray()->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
@@ -250,12 +236,13 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testRefresh()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         $customer = new $customerClass();
         $this->assertFalse($customer->refresh());
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(1);
         $customer->name = 'to be refreshed';
         $this->assertTrue($customer->refresh());
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customer->name);
@@ -263,7 +250,9 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testEquals()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $itemClass */
         $itemClass = $this->getItemClass();
 
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
@@ -275,123 +264,141 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $customerB = new $itemClass();
         $this->assertFalse($customerA->equals($customerB));
 
-        $customerA = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
-        $customerB = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customerA = $customerClass::find(1);
+        $customerB = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertFalse($customerA->equals($customerB));
 
-        $customerB = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
+        $customerB = $customerClass::find(1);
         $this->assertTrue($customerA->equals($customerB));
 
-        $customerA = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
-        $customerB = $this->callItemFind(1);
+        $customerA = $customerClass::find(1);
+        $customerB = $itemClass::find(1);
         $this->assertFalse($customerA->equals($customerB));
     }
 
     public function testFindCount()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(3, $customerClass::find()->count());
 
-        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 1])->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->offset(1)->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->offset(2)->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 1])->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->offset(1)->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->offset(2)->count());
 
         // limit should have no effect on count()
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->limit(1)->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->limit(2)->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->limit(10)->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->offset(2)->limit(2)->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(3, $customerClass::find()->limit(1)->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(3, $customerClass::find()->limit(2)->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(3, $customerClass::find()->limit(10)->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(3, $customerClass::find()->offset(2)->limit(2)->count());
     }
 
     public function testFindLimit()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // all()
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->limit(1)->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->limit(1)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customers[0]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->limit(1)->offset(1)->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->limit(1)->offset(1)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customers[0]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->limit(1)->offset(2)->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->limit(1)->offset(2)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customers[0]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->limit(2)->offset(1)->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->limit(2)->offset(1)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customers));
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customers[0]->name);
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customers[1]->name);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->limit(2)->offset(3)->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->limit(2)->offset(3)->all();
         $this->assertEquals(0, count($customers));
 
         // one()
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->offset(0)->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->offset(0)->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->offset(1)->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->offset(1)->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->orderBy('id')->offset(2)->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->orderBy('id')->offset(2)->one();
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customer->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->offset(3)->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->offset(3)->one();
         $this->assertNull($customer);
 
     }
 
     public function testFindComplexCondition()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['OR', ['name' => 'user1'], ['name' => 'user2']])->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(2, count($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['OR', ['name' => 'user1'], ['name' => 'user2']])->all()));
+        $this->assertEquals(2, $customerClass::find()->where(['OR', ['name' => 'user1'], ['name' => 'user2']])->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, count($customerClass::find()->where(['OR', ['name' => 'user1'], ['name' => 'user2']])->all()));
 
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['name' => ['user1', 'user2']])->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(2, count($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['name' => ['user1', 'user2']])->all()));
+        $this->assertEquals(2, $customerClass::find()->where(['name' => ['user1', 'user2']])->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, count($customerClass::find()->where(['name' => ['user1', 'user2']])->all()));
 
-        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['AND', ['name' => ['user2', 'user3']], ['BETWEEN', 'status', 2, 4]])->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(1, count($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['AND', ['name' => ['user2', 'user3']], ['BETWEEN', 'status', 2, 4]])->all()));
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $customerClass::find()->where(['AND', ['name' => ['user2', 'user3']], ['BETWEEN', 'status', 2, 4]])->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($customerClass::find()->where(['AND', ['name' => ['user2', 'user3']], ['BETWEEN', 'status', 2, 4]])->all()));
     }
 
     public function testFindNullValues()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $customer->name = null;
         $customer->save(false);
         $this->afterSave();
 
-        $result = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['name' => null])->all();
+        $result = $customerClass::find()->where(['name' => null])->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($result));
         $this->assertEquals(2, reset($result)->primaryKey);
     }
 
     public function testExists()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $this->assertTrue($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 2])->exists());
-        $this->assertFalse($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 5])->exists());
-        $this->assertTrue($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['name' => 'user1'])->exists());
-        $this->assertFalse($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['name' => 'user5'])->exists());
-
-        $this->assertTrue($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [2, 3]])->exists());
-        $this->assertTrue($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [2, 3]])->offset(1)->exists());
-        $this->assertFalse($this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [2, 3]])->offset(2)->exists());
+        $this->assertTrue($customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 2])->exists());
+        $this->assertFalse($customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 5])->exists());
+        $this->assertTrue($customerClass::find()->where(['name' => 'user1'])->exists());
+        $this->assertFalse($customerClass::find()->where(['name' => 'user5'])->exists());
+
+        $this->assertTrue($customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [2, 3]])->exists());
+        $this->assertTrue($customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [2, 3]])->offset(1)->exists());
+        $this->assertFalse($customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [2, 3]])->offset(2)->exists());
     }
 
     public function testFindLazy()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
         $orders = $customer->orders;
         $this->assertTrue($customer->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
@@ -403,7 +410,7 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
 
         /** @var Customer $customer */
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
         $orders = $customer->getOrders()->where(['id' => 3])->all();
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
@@ -415,8 +422,13 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testFindEager()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->with('orders')->indexBy('id')->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->with('orders')->indexBy('id')->all();
         ksort($customers);
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertTrue($customers[1]->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
@@ -429,17 +441,17 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         unset($customers[1]->orders);
         $this->assertFalse($customers[1]->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 1])->with('orders')->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 1])->with('orders')->one();
         $this->assertTrue($customer->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customer->orders));
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customer->relatedRecords));
 
         // multiple with() calls
-        $orders = $this->callOrderFind()->with('customer', 'items')->all();
+        $orders = $orderClass::find()->with('customer', 'items')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($orders));
         $this->assertTrue($orders[0]->isRelationPopulated('customer'));
         $this->assertTrue($orders[0]->isRelationPopulated('items'));
-        $orders = $this->callOrderFind()->with('customer')->with('items')->all();
+        $orders = $orderClass::find()->with('customer')->with('items')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($orders));
         $this->assertTrue($orders[0]->isRelationPopulated('customer'));
         $this->assertTrue($orders[0]->isRelationPopulated('items'));
@@ -447,9 +459,12 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testFindLazyVia()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         /** @var Order $order */
-        $order = $this->callOrderFind(1);
+        $order = $orderClass::find(1);
         $this->assertEquals(1, $order->id);
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($order->items));
         $this->assertEquals(1, $order->items[0]->id);
@@ -458,17 +473,23 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testFindLazyVia2()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         /** @var Order $order */
-        $order = $this->callOrderFind(1);
+        $order = $orderClass::find(1);
         $order->id = 100;
         $this->assertEquals([], $order->items);
     }
 
     public function testFindEagerViaRelation()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $orders = $this->callOrderFind()->with('items')->orderBy('id')->all();
+        $orders = $orderClass::find()->with('items')->orderBy('id')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($orders));
         $order = $orders[0];
         $this->assertEquals(1, $order->id);
@@ -480,8 +501,11 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testFindNestedRelation()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->with('orders', 'orders.items')->indexBy('id')->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->with('orders', 'orders.items')->indexBy('id')->all();
         ksort($customers);
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($customers));
         $this->assertTrue($customers[1]->isRelationPopulated('orders'));
@@ -504,6 +528,9 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
      */
     public function testFindEagerViaRelationPreserveOrder()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
 
         /*
@@ -536,7 +563,7 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         - itemsInOrder:
             Item 3: 'Ice Age', 2
          */
-        $orders = $this->callOrderFind()->with('itemsInOrder1')->orderBy('created_at')->all();
+        $orders = $orderClass::find()->with('itemsInOrder1')->orderBy('created_at')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($orders));
 
         $order = $orders[0];
@@ -564,7 +591,10 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
     // different order in via table
     public function testFindEagerViaRelationPreserveOrderB()
     {
-        $orders = $this->callOrderFind()->with('itemsInOrder2')->orderBy('created_at')->all();
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
+        $orders = $orderClass::find()->with('itemsInOrder2')->orderBy('created_at')->all();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($orders));
 
         $order = $orders[0];
@@ -591,10 +621,16 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testLink()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $itemClass */
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderItemClass */
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
         $orderItemClass = $this->getOrderItemClass();
+        $itemClass = $this->getItemClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customer->orders));
 
         // has many
@@ -612,7 +648,7 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $order = new $orderClass;
         $order->total = 100;
         $this->assertTrue($order->isNewRecord);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(1);
         $this->assertNull($order->customer);
         $order->link('customer', $customer);
         $this->assertFalse($order->isNewRecord);
@@ -620,17 +656,17 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $this->assertEquals(1, $order->customer->primaryKey);
 
         // via model
-        $order = $this->callOrderFind(1);
+        $order = $orderClass::find(1);
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($order->items));
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($order->orderItems));
-        $orderItem = $this->callOrderItemFind(['order_id' => 1, 'item_id' => 3]);
+        $orderItem = $orderItemClass::find(['order_id' => 1, 'item_id' => 3]);
         $this->assertNull($orderItem);
-        $item = $this->callItemFind(3);
+        $item = $itemClass::find(3);
         $order->link('items', $item, ['quantity' => 10, 'subtotal' => 100]);
         $this->afterSave();
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($order->items));
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($order->orderItems));
-        $orderItem = $this->callOrderItemFind(['order_id' => 1, 'item_id' => 3]);
+        $orderItem = $orderItemClass::find(['order_id' => 1, 'item_id' => 3]);
         $this->assertTrue($orderItem instanceof $orderItemClass);
         $this->assertEquals(10, $orderItem->quantity);
         $this->assertEquals(100, $orderItem->subtotal);
@@ -638,17 +674,22 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testUnlink()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
+        $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderClass */
+        $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
+
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // has many
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customer->orders));
         $customer->unlink('orders', $customer->orders[1], true);
         $this->afterSave();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customer->orders));
-        $this->assertNull($this->callOrderFind(3));
+        $this->assertNull($orderClass::find(3));
 
         // via model
-        $order = $this->callOrderFind(2);
+        $order = $orderClass::find(2);
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($order->items));
         $this->assertEquals(3, count($order->orderItems));
         $order->unlink('items', $order->items[2], true);
@@ -662,6 +703,7 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testInsert()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         $customer = new $customerClass;
@@ -685,10 +727,11 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testUpdate()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // save
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customer->name);
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isNewRecord);
@@ -702,16 +745,16 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isNewRecord);
         $this->assertFalse(static::$afterSaveNewRecord);
         $this->assertFalse(static::$afterSaveInsert);
-        $customer2 = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer2 = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertEquals('user2x', $customer2->name);
 
         // updateAll
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(3);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(3);
         $this->assertEquals('user3', $customer->name);
         $ret = $customerClass::updateAll(['name' => 'temp'], ['id' => 3]);
         $this->afterSave();
         $this->assertEquals(1, $ret);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(3);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(3);
         $this->assertEquals('temp', $customer->name);
 
         $ret = $customerClass::updateAll(['name' => 'tempX']);
@@ -725,10 +768,11 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
 
     public function testUpdateAttributes()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // save
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customer->name);
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isNewRecord);
@@ -741,10 +785,10 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $this->assertFalse($customer->isNewRecord);
         $this->assertFalse(static::$afterSaveNewRecord);
         $this->assertFalse(static::$afterSaveInsert);
-        $customer2 = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer2 = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertEquals('user2x', $customer2->name);
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(1);
         $this->assertEquals('user1', $customer->name);
         $this->assertEquals(1, $customer->status);
         $customer->name = 'user1x';
@@ -752,29 +796,30 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $customer->updateAttributes(['name']);
         $this->assertEquals('user1x', $customer->name);
         $this->assertEquals(2, $customer->status);
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(1);
         $this->assertEquals('user1x', $customer->name);
         $this->assertEquals(1, $customer->status);
     }
 
     public function testUpdateCounters()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $orderItemClass */
         $orderItemClass = $this->getOrderItemClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // updateCounters
         $pk = ['order_id' => 2, 'item_id' => 4];
-        $orderItem = $this->callOrderItemFind($pk);
+        $orderItem = $orderItemClass::find($pk);
         $this->assertEquals(1, $orderItem->quantity);
         $ret = $orderItem->updateCounters(['quantity' => -1]);
         $this->afterSave();
         $this->assertEquals(1, $ret);
         $this->assertEquals(0, $orderItem->quantity);
-        $orderItem = $this->callOrderItemFind($pk);
+        $orderItem = $orderItemClass::find($pk);
         $this->assertEquals(0, $orderItem->quantity);
 
         // updateAllCounters
         $pk = ['order_id' => 1, 'item_id' => 2];
-        $orderItem = $this->callOrderItemFind($pk);
+        $orderItem = $orderItemClass::find($pk);
         $this->assertEquals(2, $orderItem->quantity);
         $ret = $orderItemClass::updateAllCounters([
             'quantity' => 3,
@@ -782,31 +827,32 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         ], $pk);
         $this->afterSave();
         $this->assertEquals(1, $ret);
-        $orderItem = $this->callOrderItemFind($pk);
+        $orderItem = $orderItemClass::find($pk);
         $this->assertEquals(5, $orderItem->quantity);
         $this->assertEquals(30, $orderItem->subtotal);
     }
 
     public function testDelete()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         // delete
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertTrue($customer instanceof $customerClass);
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customer->name);
         $customer->delete();
         $this->afterSave();
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(2);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(2);
         $this->assertNull($customer);
 
         // deleteAll
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->all();
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customers));
         $ret = $customerClass::deleteAll();
         $this->afterSave();
         $this->assertEquals(2, $ret);
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->all();
         $this->assertEquals(0, count($customers));
 
         $ret = $customerClass::deleteAll();
@@ -820,6 +866,7 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
      */
     public function testBooleanAttribute()
     {
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var TestCase|ActiveRecordTestTrait $this */
         $customer = new $customerClass();
@@ -837,16 +884,16 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $customer->refresh();
         $this->assertEquals(0, $customer->status);
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['status' => true])->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->where(['status' => true])->all();
         $this->assertEquals(2, count($customers));
 
-        $customers = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['status' => false])->all();
+        $customers = $customerClass::find()->where(['status' => false])->all();
         $this->assertEquals(1, count($customers));
     }
 
     public function testAfterFind()
     {
-        /** @var BaseActiveRecord $customerClass */
+        /** @var \yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface $customerClass */
         $customerClass = $this->getCustomerClass();
         /** @var BaseActiveRecord $orderClass */
         $orderClass = $this->getOrderClass();
@@ -859,22 +906,22 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
             $afterFindCalls[] = [get_class($ar), $ar->getIsNewRecord(), $ar->getPrimaryKey(), $ar->isRelationPopulated('orders')];
         });
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
+        $customer = $customerClass::find(1);
         $this->assertNotNull($customer);
         $this->assertEquals([[$customerClass, false, 1, false]], $afterFindCalls);
         $afterFindCalls = [];
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 1])->one();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 1])->one();
         $this->assertNotNull($customer);
         $this->assertEquals([[$customerClass, false, 1, false]], $afterFindCalls);
         $afterFindCalls = [];
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 1])->all();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 1])->all();
         $this->assertNotNull($customer);
         $this->assertEquals([[$customerClass, false, 1, false]], $afterFindCalls);
         $afterFindCalls = [];
 
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 1])->with('orders')->all();
+        $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => 1])->with('orders')->all();
         $this->assertNotNull($customer);
         $this->assertEquals([
             [$this->getOrderClass(), false, 1, false],
@@ -883,10 +930,10 @@ trait ActiveRecordTestTrait
         $afterFindCalls = [];
 
         if ($this instanceof \yiiunit\extensions\redis\ActiveRecordTest) { // TODO redis does not support orderBy() yet
-            $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->with('orders')->all();
+            $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->with('orders')->all();
         } else {
             // orderBy is needed to avoid random test failure
-            $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->with('orders')->orderBy('name')->all();
+            $customer = $customerClass::find()->where(['id' => [1, 2]])->with('orders')->orderBy('name')->all();
         }
         $this->assertNotNull($customer);
         $this->assertEquals([
diff --git a/tests/unit/framework/db/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/unit/framework/db/ActiveRecordTest.php
index 8ba4570..81e1c48 100644
--- a/tests/unit/framework/db/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/framework/db/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -26,26 +26,6 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends DatabaseTestCase
         ActiveRecord::$db = $this->getConnection();
     }
 
-    public function callCustomerFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Customer::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callOrderFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Order::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callOrderItemFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return OrderItem::find($q);
-    }
-
-    public function callItemFind($q = null)
-    {
-        return Item::find($q);
-    }
-
     public function getCustomerClass()
     {
         return Customer::className();
@@ -69,7 +49,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends DatabaseTestCase
     public function testCustomColumns()
     {
         // find custom column
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind()->select(['*', '(status*2) AS status2'])
+        $customer = Customer::find()->select(['*', '(status*2) AS status2'])
             ->where(['name' => 'user3'])->one();
         $this->assertEquals(3, $customer->id);
         $this->assertEquals(4, $customer->status2);
@@ -78,19 +58,19 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends DatabaseTestCase
     public function testStatisticalFind()
     {
         // find count, sum, average, min, max, scalar
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->where('id=1 OR id=2')->count());
-        $this->assertEquals(6, $this->callCustomerFind()->sum('id'));
-        $this->assertEquals(2, $this->callCustomerFind()->average('id'));
-        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->callCustomerFind()->min('id'));
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->max('id'));
-        $this->assertEquals(3, $this->callCustomerFind()->select('COUNT(*)')->scalar());
+        $this->assertEquals(3, Customer::find()->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(2, Customer::find()->where('id=1 OR id=2')->count());
+        $this->assertEquals(6, Customer::find()->sum('id'));
+        $this->assertEquals(2, Customer::find()->average('id'));
+        $this->assertEquals(1, Customer::find()->min('id'));
+        $this->assertEquals(3, Customer::find()->max('id'));
+        $this->assertEquals(3, Customer::find()->select('COUNT(*)')->scalar());
     }
 
     public function testFindScalar()
     {
         // query scalar
-        $customerName = $this->callCustomerFind()->where(['id' => 2])->select('name')->scalar();
+        $customerName = Customer::find()->where(['id' => 2])->select('name')->scalar();
         $this->assertEquals('user2', $customerName);
     }
 
@@ -168,7 +148,7 @@ class ActiveRecordTest extends DatabaseTestCase
     public function testDeeplyNestedTableRelation()
     {
         /** @var Customer $customer */
-        $customer = $this->callCustomerFind(1);
+        $customer = Customer::find(1);
         $this->assertNotNull($customer);
 
         $items = $customer->orderItems;