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yii2/framework/db/Query.php

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<?php
/**
* @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 Yii Software LLC
* @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
*/
namespace yii\db;
use Yii;
use yii\base\Component;
/**
* Query represents a SELECT SQL statement in a way that is independent of DBMS.
*
* Query provides a set of methods to facilitate the specification of different clauses
* in a SELECT statement. These methods can be chained together.
*
* By calling [[createCommand()]], we can get a [[Command]] instance which can be further
* used to perform/execute the DB query against a database.
*
* For example,
*
* ~~~
* $query = new Query;
* // compose the query
* $query->select('id, name')
* ->from('tbl_user')
* ->limit(10);
* // build and execute the query
* $rows = $query->all();
* // alternatively, you can create DB command and execute it
* $command = $query->createCommand();
* // $command->sql returns the actual SQL
* $rows = $command->queryAll();
* ~~~
*
* @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
* @author Carsten Brandt <mail@cebe.cc>
* @since 2.0
*/
class Query extends Component implements QueryInterface
{
use QueryTrait;
/**
* @var array the columns being selected. For example, `['id', 'name']`.
* This is used to construct the SELECT clause in a SQL statement. If not set, it means selecting all columns.
* @see select()
*/
public $select;
/**
* @var string additional option that should be appended to the 'SELECT' keyword. For example,
* in MySQL, the option 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS' can be used.
*/
public $selectOption;
/**
* @var boolean whether to select distinct rows of data only. If this is set true,
* the SELECT clause would be changed to SELECT DISTINCT.
*/
public $distinct;
/**
* @var array the table(s) to be selected from. For example, `['tbl_user', 'tbl_post']`.
* This is used to construct the FROM clause in a SQL statement.
* @see from()
*/
public $from;
/**
* @var array how to group the query results. For example, `['company', 'department']`.
* This is used to construct the GROUP BY clause in a SQL statement.
*/
public $groupBy;
/**
* @var array how to join with other tables. Each array element represents the specification
* of one join which has the following structure:
*
* ~~~
* [$joinType, $tableName, $joinCondition]
* ~~~
*
* For example,
*
* ~~~
* [
* ['INNER JOIN', 'tbl_user', 'tbl_user.id = author_id'],
* ['LEFT JOIN', 'tbl_team', 'tbl_team.id = team_id'],
* ]
* ~~~
*/
public $join;
/**
* @var string|array the condition to be applied in the GROUP BY clause.
* It can be either a string or an array. Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify the condition.
*/
public $having;
/**
* @var array this is used to construct the UNION clause(s) in a SQL statement.
* Each array element is an array of the following structure:
*
* - `query`: either a string or a [[Query]] object representing a query
* - `all`: boolean, whether it should be `UNION ALL` or `UNION`
*/
public $union;
/**
* @var array list of query parameter values indexed by parameter placeholders.
* For example, `[':name' => 'Dan', ':age' => 31]`.
*/
public $params = [];
/**
* Creates a DB command that can be used to execute this query.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return Command the created DB command instance.
*/
public function createCommand($db = null)
{
if ($db === null) {
$db = Yii::$app->getDb();
}
list ($sql, $params) = $db->getQueryBuilder()->build($this);
return $db->createCommand($sql, $params);
}
/**
* Starts a batch query.
*
* A batch query supports fetching data in batches, which can keep the memory usage under a limit.
* This method will return a [[BatchQueryResult]] object which implements the `Iterator` interface
* and can be traversed to retrieve the data in batches.
*
* For example,
*
* ```php
* $query = (new Query)->from('tbl_user');
* foreach ($query->batch() as $rows) {
* // $rows is an array of 10 or fewer rows from tbl_user
* }
* ```
*
* @param integer $batchSize the number of records to be fetched in each batch.
* @param Connection $db the database connection. If not set, the "db" application component will be used.
* @return BatchQueryResult the batch query result. It implements the `Iterator` interface
* and can be traversed to retrieve the data in batches.
*/
public function batch($batchSize = 100, $db = null)
{
return Yii::createObject([
'class' => BatchQueryResult::className(),
'query' => $this,
'batchSize' => $batchSize,
'db' => $db,
'each' => false,
]);
}
/**
* Starts a batch query and retrieves data row by row.
* This method is similar to [[batch()]] except that in each iteration of the result,
* only one row of data is returned. For example,
*
* ```php
* $query = (new Query)->from('tbl_user');
* foreach ($query->each() as $row) {
* }
* ```
*
* @param integer $batchSize the number of records to be fetched in each batch.
* @param Connection $db the database connection. If not set, the "db" application component will be used.
* @return BatchQueryResult the batch query result. It implements the `Iterator` interface
* and can be traversed to retrieve the data in batches.
*/
public function each($batchSize = 100, $db = null)
{
return Yii::createObject([
'class' => BatchQueryResult::className(),
'query' => $this,
'batchSize' => $batchSize,
'db' => $db,
'each' => true,
]);
}
/**
* Executes the query and returns all results as an array.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return array the query results. If the query results in nothing, an empty array will be returned.
*/
public function all($db = null)
{
$rows = $this->createCommand($db)->queryAll();
return $this->prepareResult($rows);
}
/**
* Converts the raw query results into the format as specified by this query.
* This method is internally used to convert the data fetched from database
* into the format as required by this query.
* @param array $rows the raw query result from database
* @return array the converted query result
*/
public function prepareResult($rows)
{
if ($this->indexBy === null) {
return $rows;
}
$result = [];
foreach ($rows as $row) {
if (is_string($this->indexBy)) {
$key = $row[$this->indexBy];
} else {
$key = call_user_func($this->indexBy, $row);
}
$result[$key] = $row;
}
return $result;
}
/**
* Executes the query and returns a single row of result.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return array|boolean the first row (in terms of an array) of the query result. False is returned if the query
* results in nothing.
*/
public function one($db = null)
{
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryOne();
}
/**
* Returns the query result as a scalar value.
* The value returned will be the first column in the first row of the query results.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return string|boolean the value of the first column in the first row of the query result.
* False is returned if the query result is empty.
*/
public function scalar($db = null)
{
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryScalar();
}
/**
* Executes the query and returns the first column of the result.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return array the first column of the query result. An empty array is returned if the query results in nothing.
*/
public function column($db = null)
{
return $this->createCommand($db)->queryColumn();
}
/**
* Returns the number of records.
* @param string $q the COUNT expression. Defaults to '*'.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given (or null), the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer number of records
*/
public function count($q = '*', $db = null)
{
return $this->queryScalar("COUNT($q)", $db);
}
/**
* Returns the sum of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the sum of the specified column values
*/
public function sum($q, $db = null)
{
return $this->queryScalar("SUM($q)", $db);
}
/**
* Returns the average of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the average of the specified column values.
*/
public function average($q, $db = null)
{
return $this->queryScalar("AVG($q)", $db);
}
/**
* Returns the minimum of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the minimum of the specified column values.
*/
public function min($q, $db = null)
{
return $this->queryScalar("MIN($q)", $db);
}
/**
* Returns the maximum of the specified column values.
* @param string $q the column name or expression.
* Make sure you properly quote column names in the expression.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return integer the maximum of the specified column values.
*/
public function max($q, $db = null)
{
return $this->queryScalar("MAX($q)", $db);
}
/**
* Returns a value indicating whether the query result contains any row of data.
* @param Connection $db the database connection used to generate the SQL statement.
* If this parameter is not given, the `db` application component will be used.
* @return boolean whether the query result contains any row of data.
*/
public function exists($db = null)
{
$select = $this->select;
$this->select = [new Expression('1')];
$command = $this->createCommand($db);
$this->select = $select;
return $command->queryScalar() !== false;
}
/**
* Queries a scalar value by setting [[select]] first.
* Restores the value of select to make this query reusable.
* @param string|Expression $selectExpression
* @param Connection|null $db
* @return bool|string
*/
private function queryScalar($selectExpression, $db)
{
$select = $this->select;
$limit = $this->limit;
$offset = $this->offset;
$this->select = [$selectExpression];
$this->limit = null;
$this->offset = null;
$command = $this->createCommand($db);
$this->select = $select;
$this->limit = $limit;
$this->offset = $offset;
if (empty($this->groupBy) && empty($this->union) && !$this->distinct) {
return $command->queryScalar();
} else {
return (new Query)->select([$selectExpression])
->from(['c' => $this])
->createCommand($db)
->queryScalar();
}
}
/**
* Sets the SELECT part of the query.
* @param string|array $columns the columns to be selected.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. ['id', 'name']).
* Columns can contain table prefixes (e.g. "tbl_user.id") and/or column aliases (e.g. "tbl_user.id AS user_id").
* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
*
* Note that if you are selecting an expression like `CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name)`, you should
* use an array to specify the columns. Otherwise, the expression may be incorrectly split into several parts.
*
* When the columns are specified as an array, you may also use array keys as the column aliases (if a column
* does not need alias, do not use a string key).
*
* @param string $option additional option that should be appended to the 'SELECT' keyword. For example,
* in MySQL, the option 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS' can be used.
* @return static the query object itself
*/
public function select($columns, $option = null)
{
if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
$this->select = $columns;
$this->selectOption = $option;
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the value indicating whether to SELECT DISTINCT or not.
* @param boolean $value whether to SELECT DISTINCT or not.
* @return static the query object itself
*/
public function distinct($value = true)
{
$this->distinct = $value;
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the FROM part of the query.
* @param string|array $tables the table(s) to be selected from. This can be either a string (e.g. `'tbl_user'`)
* or an array (e.g. `['tbl_user', 'tbl_profile']`) specifying one or several table names.
* Table names can contain schema prefixes (e.g. `'public.tbl_user'`) and/or table aliases (e.g. `'tbl_user u'`).
* The method will automatically quote the table names unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
*
* When the tables are specified as an array, you may also use the array keys as the table aliases
* (if a table does not need alias, do not use a string key).
*
* Use a Query object to represent a sub-query. In this case, the corresponding array key will be used
* as the alias for the sub-query.
*
* @return static the query object itself
*/
public function from($tables)
{
if (!is_array($tables)) {
$tables = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($tables), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
$this->from = $tables;
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the WHERE part of the query.
*
* The method requires a $condition parameter, and optionally a $params parameter
* specifying the values to be bound to the query.
*
* The $condition parameter should be either a string (e.g. 'id=1') or an array.
* If the latter, it must be in one of the following two formats:
*
* - hash format: `['column1' => value1, 'column2' => value2, ...]`
* - operator format: `[operator, operand1, operand2, ...]`
*
* A condition in hash format represents the following SQL expression in general:
* `column1=value1 AND column2=value2 AND ...`. In case when a value is an array,
* an `IN` expression will be generated. And if a value is null, `IS NULL` will be used
* in the generated expression. Below are some examples:
*
* - `['type' => 1, 'status' => 2]` generates `(type = 1) AND (status = 2)`.
* - `['id' => [1, 2, 3], 'status' => 2]` generates `(id IN (1, 2, 3)) AND (status = 2)`.
* - `['status' => null] generates `status IS NULL`.
*
* A condition in operator format generates the SQL expression according to the specified operator, which
* can be one of the followings:
*
* - `and`: the operands should be concatenated together using `AND`. For example,
* `['and', 'id=1', 'id=2']` will generate `id=1 AND id=2`. If an operand is an array,
* it will be converted into a string using the rules described here. For example,
* `['and', 'type=1', ['or', 'id=1', 'id=2']]` will generate `type=1 AND (id=1 OR id=2)`.
* The method will NOT do any quoting or escaping.
*
* - `or`: similar to the `and` operator except that the operands are concatenated using `OR`.
*
* - `between`: operand 1 should be the column name, and operand 2 and 3 should be the
* starting and ending values of the range that the column is in.
* For example, `['between', 'id', 1, 10]` will generate `id BETWEEN 1 AND 10`.
*
* - `not between`: similar to `between` except the `BETWEEN` is replaced with `NOT BETWEEN`
* in the generated condition.
*
* - `in`: operand 1 should be a column or DB expression, and operand 2 be an array representing
* the range of the values that the column or DB expression should be in. For example,
* `['in', 'id', [1, 2, 3]]` will generate `id IN (1, 2, 3)`.
* The method will properly quote the column name and escape values in the range.
*
* - `not in`: similar to the `in` operator except that `IN` is replaced with `NOT IN` in the generated condition.
*
* - `like`: operand 1 should be a column or DB expression, and operand 2 be a string or an array representing
* the values that the column or DB expression should be like.
* For example, `['like', 'name', 'tester']` will generate `name LIKE '%tester%'`.
* When the value range is given as an array, multiple `LIKE` predicates will be generated and concatenated
* using `AND`. For example, `['like', 'name', ['test', 'sample']]` will generate
* `name LIKE '%test%' AND name LIKE '%sample%'`.
* The method will properly quote the column name and escape special characters in the values.
* Sometimes, you may want to add the percentage characters to the matching value by yourself, you may supply
* a third operand `false` to do so. For example, `['like', 'name', '%tester', false]` will generate `name LIKE '%tester'`.
*
* - `or like`: similar to the `like` operator except that `OR` is used to concatenate the `LIKE`
* predicates when operand 2 is an array.
*
* - `not like`: similar to the `like` operator except that `LIKE` is replaced with `NOT LIKE`
* in the generated condition.
*
* - `or not like`: similar to the `not like` operator except that `OR` is used to concatenate
* the `NOT LIKE` predicates.
*
* - `exists`: requires one operand which must be an instance of [[Query]] representing the sub-query.
* It will build a `EXISTS (sub-query)` expression.
*
* - `not exists`: similar to the `exists` operator and builds a `NOT EXISTS (sub-query)` expression.
*
* @param string|array $condition the conditions that should be put in the WHERE part.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see andWhere()
* @see orWhere()
*/
public function where($condition, $params = [])
{
$this->where = $condition;
$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
}
/**
* Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'AND' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new WHERE condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see where()
* @see orWhere()
*/
public function andWhere($condition, $params = [])
{
if ($this->where === null) {
$this->where = $condition;
} else {
$this->where = ['and', $this->where, $condition];
}
$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
}
/**
* Adds an additional WHERE condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'OR' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new WHERE condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see where()
* @see andWhere()
*/
public function orWhere($condition, $params = [])
{
if ($this->where === null) {
$this->where = $condition;
} else {
$this->where = ['or', $this->where, $condition];
}
$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
}
/**
* Appends a JOIN part to the query.
* The first parameter specifies what type of join it is.
* @param string $type the type of join, such as INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN.
* @param string|array $table the table to be joined.
*
* Use string to represent the name of the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
*
* Use array to represent joining with a sub-query. The array must contain only one element.
* The value must be a Query object representing the sub-query while the corresponding key
* represents the alias for the sub-query.
*
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function join($type, $table, $on = '', $params = [])
{
$this->join[] = [$type, $table, $on];
return $this->addParams($params);
}
/**
* Appends an INNER JOIN part to the query.
* @param string|array $table the table to be joined.
*
* Use string to represent the name of the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
*
* Use array to represent joining with a sub-query. The array must contain only one element.
* The value must be a Query object representing the sub-query while the corresponding key
* represents the alias for the sub-query.
*
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function innerJoin($table, $on = '', $params = [])
{
$this->join[] = ['INNER JOIN', $table, $on];
return $this->addParams($params);
}
/**
* Appends a LEFT OUTER JOIN part to the query.
* @param string|array $table the table to be joined.
*
* Use string to represent the name of the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
*
* Use array to represent joining with a sub-query. The array must contain only one element.
* The value must be a Query object representing the sub-query while the corresponding key
* represents the alias for the sub-query.
*
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function leftJoin($table, $on = '', $params = [])
{
$this->join[] = ['LEFT JOIN', $table, $on];
return $this->addParams($params);
}
/**
* Appends a RIGHT OUTER JOIN part to the query.
* @param string|array $table the table to be joined.
*
* Use string to represent the name of the table to be joined.
* Table name can contain schema prefix (e.g. 'public.tbl_user') and/or table alias (e.g. 'tbl_user u').
* The method will automatically quote the table name unless it contains some parenthesis
* (which means the table is given as a sub-query or DB expression).
*
* Use array to represent joining with a sub-query. The array must contain only one element.
* The value must be a Query object representing the sub-query while the corresponding key
* represents the alias for the sub-query.
*
* @param string|array $on the join condition that should appear in the ON part.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query
* @return Query the query object itself
*/
public function rightJoin($table, $on = '', $params = [])
{
$this->join[] = ['RIGHT JOIN', $table, $on];
return $this->addParams($params);
}
/**
* Sets the GROUP BY part of the query.
* @param string|array $columns the columns to be grouped by.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. ['id', 'name']).
* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
* @return static the query object itself
* @see addGroupBy()
*/
public function groupBy($columns)
{
if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
$this->groupBy = $columns;
return $this;
}
/**
* Adds additional group-by columns to the existing ones.
* @param string|array $columns additional columns to be grouped by.
* Columns can be specified in either a string (e.g. "id, name") or an array (e.g. ['id', 'name']).
* The method will automatically quote the column names unless a column contains some parenthesis
* (which means the column contains a DB expression).
* @return static the query object itself
* @see groupBy()
*/
public function addGroupBy($columns)
{
if (!is_array($columns)) {
$columns = preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', trim($columns), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
}
if ($this->groupBy === null) {
$this->groupBy = $columns;
} else {
$this->groupBy = array_merge($this->groupBy, $columns);
}
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the HAVING part of the query.
* @param string|array $condition the conditions to be put after HAVING.
* Please refer to [[where()]] on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see andHaving()
* @see orHaving()
*/
public function having($condition, $params = [])
{
$this->having = $condition;
$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
}
/**
* Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'AND' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new HAVING condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see having()
* @see orHaving()
*/
public function andHaving($condition, $params = [])
{
if ($this->having === null) {
$this->having = $condition;
} else {
$this->having = ['and', $this->having, $condition];
}
$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
}
/**
* Adds an additional HAVING condition to the existing one.
* The new condition and the existing one will be joined using the 'OR' operator.
* @param string|array $condition the new HAVING condition. Please refer to [[where()]]
* on how to specify this parameter.
* @param array $params the parameters (name => value) to be bound to the query.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see having()
* @see andHaving()
*/
public function orHaving($condition, $params = [])
{
if ($this->having === null) {
$this->having = $condition;
} else {
$this->having = ['or', $this->having, $condition];
}
$this->addParams($params);
return $this;
}
/**
* Appends a SQL statement using UNION operator.
* @param string|Query $sql the SQL statement to be appended using UNION
* @param boolean $all TRUE if using UNION ALL and FALSE if using UNION
* @return static the query object itself
*/
public function union($sql, $all = false)
{
$this->union[] = [ 'query' => $sql, 'all' => $all ];
return $this;
}
/**
* Sets the parameters to be bound to the query.
* @param array $params list of query parameter values indexed by parameter placeholders.
* For example, `[':name' => 'Dan', ':age' => 31]`.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see addParams()
*/
public function params($params)
{
$this->params = $params;
return $this;
}
/**
* Adds additional parameters to be bound to the query.
* @param array $params list of query parameter values indexed by parameter placeholders.
* For example, `[':name' => 'Dan', ':age' => 31]`.
* @return static the query object itself
* @see params()
*/
public function addParams($params)
{
if (!empty($params)) {
if (empty($this->params)) {
$this->params = $params;
} else {
foreach ($params as $name => $value) {
if (is_integer($name)) {
$this->params[] = $value;
} else {
$this->params[$name] = $value;
}
}
}
}
return $this;
}
}